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The Social Hierarchy Of Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte

In Charlotte Bronte’s novel, Jane Eyre, Bronte seemingly condemns the existing social hierarchy. Not only are the characters who are most concerned with the allure of fortune and rank portrayed as either deceitful or unethical, but even characters who’ve accepted their means of poverty and demonstrate honest moral natures are mocked. Rather than use the normal class structures, the book suggests that a person of impoverished means can be viewed as socially respectable with the condition that they maintain a sincere desire to better both oneself and their means of living. The novel highlights the significance of class consciousness and how one particular class can become subjective to the hands of the dogmatic elites. The derogative attitudes regarding social class first occurs when Jane suffers horrible treatment from John Reed. He violently torments Jane and constantly reminds her that she is an orphan and a dependent of the Reed family, forcing into her mind that to be without a class is to be without worth. He imposes fear into Jane and reminding her that he is the superior being. You have no business to take our books; you are a dependent, mamma says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mamma s expense. Now, I ll teach you to rummage my book-shelves: for they are mine; all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years. ThisShow MoreRelated`` Money Makes The World Go Round `` By Jane Eyre1623 Words   |  7 Pagesaction. Elitism has a constant trend throughout history. Jane Eyre learns this lesson quite well in her life in the Victorian era. She constantly floats on the fringes of different social classes, allowing readers to see the revolution that really emphasizes the materialist nature of the book. Her journey towards independence represents her ability to free herself from the oppressive hierarchy of the patriarchal, elitist Victorian era. Jane represents the Marxist nature of the book which bases lifeRead MorePride And Prejudice And Jane Eyre1681 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notable writers for their remarkable texts. Jane Austen is known for playing a revolutionary role in the generation of English female literature, which was counteracted by this piece- and Charlotte Bronte also developedRead MoreEssay On Governess In Jane Eyre1227 Words   |  5 Pagesprocuring the governess position at Thornfield Hall is the moment that Jane Eyre steps into a further level of independence that defies the Victorian standards of the time period for women (Godfrey 857). From the moment that Jane posts her advertisement in the Shire Herald, she seizes the possession of her life by her ambition to rise into a higher social class and rely simply own her own ability free from reliance on others (Bront à « 694; Vanden Bossche 47). The desire for this step and the eventual successfulRead MoreMarxist Criticism On Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1467 Words   |  6 PagesYair Guerrero Mrs. Jones AP Literature and Composition March 18, 2016 Marxist Criticism on Charlotte Brontà « s Jane Eyre Some novels will not let the reader escape the social setting, and Charlotte Brontà « s Jane Eyre is no acceptation. The author implements a symphony of details that strikes the reader as a full blown portrait of society. The novel s surroundings profoundly influence the thoughts, emotions, and actions of every character, which makes out the setting to be as important to theRead MoreJane Eyre Feminist Analysis1045 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre is recognized and acclaimed as a classic feminist novel, a bold social commentary penned by a daring woman intent on shedding light on the hypocrisy that riddled Victorian society. This view is indeed accurate. However, Charlotte Brontà « only dares so much; she only sheds so much light. In â€Å"â€Å"The Maniac Bellowed†: Queer Affect and Queer Temporality in Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre†, Carolyn Marjorie Davis asserts that the arms of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s feminism do not embrace women who fail to fulfill certainRe ad MoreCharlotte Bronte: The Social Critic1732 Words   |  7 Pagesrest of the world. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre had a similar effect upon the mindset of Victorian society, as its publication ended the silence on social justice and set off an ‘eruption’, leading to sweeping reforms. The novel revolves around the moral and spiritual journey of Jane Eyre, an orphan who values freedom and struggles to break free of Victorian-era standards. Brontà « satirizes these standards through her portrayal of the lower classes, mental illness, and orphans. Jane is critical of VictorianRead MoreOppression In Jane Eyre1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impression of Oppression in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « depicts the rigid social structure and clear division between the upper and lower classes of Victorian society, in which wealth and status determined one’s beliefs, career, and treatment from those surrounding them. Those of the upper class did not typically converse or involve themselves with those viewed as beneath them; however, Jane Eyre fights the separation between the classes to which she has fallen victim at both GatesheadRead More What aspects of Charlotte Brontes Essay876 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects of Charlotte Brontes What aspects of Charlotte Brontes depiction and use of the character of Bertha Mason are most clearly illuminated by Jean Rhys depiction and use of her parallel character of Antoinette? In Wide Sargasso Sea, written by Jean Rhys in the 1960’s, is a radical critique of the context of English Imperialism and male dominated society within which Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre. In order to both expose and oppose the parallels inherent in Jane Eyre, Rhys intertwinesRead MoreJane Austen And Jane Eyre1967 Words   |  8 PagesPrejudice – Jane Austen Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte How is social class explored in both texts through the use of stylistic devices and how do the different perspectives help appeal to the audience? Introduction: Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte explore social class in a number of different ways throughout their novels Pride and the Prejudice and Jane Eyre. They do this through the use of stylistic devices, which in turn appeals to their different audiences. Both Jane and Charlotte are notableRead MoreTheme Of Oppression In Jane Eyre1088 Words   |  5 PagesNineteenth century England was rooted deeply in both social, and class division as a means of maintaining a certain degree of order within their society. In the early nineteenth century, England was undergoing rapid change as the industrial revolution began to sweep through the country. With this rapid change brought on further gender, and social class divisions centered upon education, employment, and marriage. Both women, and the lower class were heavily oppressed during the time period, as they

How to Run a Successful Meeting Free Essays

How to Run a Meeting Like Google As one of the most successful companies in the world, Google is obviously doing something right when it comes to how they manage their time. In general, meetings are known for being a waste of time where complaining occurs, but no real solutions are found. Of course this isn’t always the case, especially at Google. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Run a Successful Meeting or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this article, Google’s Vice-president of search products, Marissa Mayer, outlines how meetings are scheduled and conducted in an effort to eliminate wasted time and maximize results. On average, Mayer holds around 70 meetings a week. With so much precious time at stake, Mayer has developed a few keys to running a successful meeting. The first being to set a firm agenda. An outline is required beforehand which helps to streamline discussions and keep focused. Next, notes are always made, no matter how insignificant the meeting might be. It is important to Google that everyone is able to look back and see the final decision, but more importantly, the progression of the discussion. Google is all about being current, and note taking enables the company to keep all employees up to date. Mayer also emphasizes using data in the approval process. This is to ensure that employees know that ideas or designs are chosen based on merit and results, not favoritism. All of these have proven successful for Google in order to reach optimum results during any meetings held. However, I think it is how Google decides to organize their time that makes their meetings successful. Every week, Mayer designates large amounts of time to meet with people. She organizes these large blocks of time into smaller â€Å"slices†. Think: mini meetings. Why schedule a 30 minute meeting when it will only take 10? Mayer is much more productive and efficient with her time because of these micro-meetings. Mayer also suggests the use office hours. She was inspired to do this after her work as a professor at Stanford University. In this informal approach, not only is efficiency wildly improved (5 or more â€Å"meetings† can potentially occur within 30 minutes), but some of Google’s best ideas have come out of office hours. After all, sometimes someone only needs approval to move forward on a project which would not take up anywhere near 30 minutes time (the shortest block of time that her calendar allows). And finally, Google keeps things on time with a giant 4 foot clock that is projected on the wall. This adds pressure to keep on task, but gives every assembly structure. How to cite How to Run a Successful Meeting, Essay examples

Why Humans Couldnt Exist Without Plants free essay sample

Nature has a very good tool to maintain life on the Earth. This power encourages people and gives them possibility successfully survive. Rain is one of the strongest tool has an influence on many things on the planet.First effect is a sustainable survival of wild nature. Without rain is impossible to imagine how plants, animals and humans can live. A plans can grow and be a source of fiddling for animals. Plants contain all of the nutritions and elements which required. Additionally, big plants and threes became excellent protected shelter for many species of animals. For example, birds builds their nests on the top of the trees. Most important, a result of photosynthesis is oxygen which we use to breath. All those effects are possible only because of the water which comes along of a rain.Secondly, how human use a water after the rain well known in history. Not in all parts of our planet have available rivers, lakes, or melted snow. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Humans Couldnt Exist Without Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Humans studied how to collect water during the rain and consume it for drinking during a long time after. Additionally, plants in fields require additional irrigation in case of drought, since harvest is fully dependant on regular water supply. In some cases , rain’s water are used in case of fire, which could easily destroy settlement. Humanity has a quit big experience how to use rain in their purpose.Finally, rains are played important role in climate changes. There are many places have harsh climate and it has only one source of the water is rain. It creates condition for to survival for plants and animals. Moreover, different humidity and volume of water during the year make it possible to maintain different climate zone with various of animals species. Thus, some of the animals can live only in particular climate zone, for instance camels live only in dessert. Clearness of air is fluctuated due to many reasons, however rain can absorb some of the harmful chemical elements. As illustration, it is fresh smell of air after the rain.In conclusion, rain is a very important mechanism to maintain wild nature, life of humans, and different climate zones on the Earth. Moreover, rain makes arid parts of planet available for living.

Black Bear Population In New Jersey Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Black Bear Population As the universe evolves, the figure of jobs confronting it increases with each passing twenty-four hours. The population Numberss of many species are lifting extensively. Several environmental factors along with scientific factors combine, ensuing in over-population. As more edifices, places, and concerns materialize, natural home grounds where animate beings live are destroyed, go forthing certain species irrupting in rural countries where they one time roamed freely. One peculiarly illustration of this job is the black bear population in New Jersey. The black bear population is turning excessively rapidly while their natural home ground is quickly diminishing. The Division of Fish and Wildlife estimates the black bear population in the province of New Jersey to be over 1,000. The same experts besides estimate that in five old ages, the black bear population will duplicate and turn out its highly fast rate of growing. As the black bears # 8217 ; natural eating evidences disappear, the reported figure of incidents between bears and worlds in New Jersey is on the rise. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Bear Population In New Jersey Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The black bear population is interrupting urban life by doing belongings harm, interrupting into places and autos, killing farm animal and pets, and establishing a general feeling of fright in the community. Peoples feel the demand to protect themselves, pets, farm animal, and belongings. This issue affects a big per centum of New Jersey occupants and calls for steps. Three possible solutions to turn toing this issue are carry oning legalized Hunts by hired professional huntsmans, aiming and euthanizing excessively debatable bears, or rejecting the killing construct and covering with the job in several different, non-violent ways. The first possible solution to command the black bear population in New Jersey is to form a black bear Hunt dwelling of professional huntsmans. Hiring trained, professional huntsmans, besides known as crisp taws, to carry on a two or three twenty-four hours Hunt entreaties to many New Jersey occupants. While many recreational huntsmans try to hit any and every bear they see, trained professionals kill the bears that they see as doing jobs in a populated country. Black bears, one time seldom aggressive, are turning bolder, from merely mauling trashcans to killing pets and farm animal. This twelvemonth, the figure of ailments of belongings harm is 157, the figure of place entry ailments is 26, the figure of livestock violent deaths is 21, the figure of beehives destroyed is 13, the figure of domestic favored coney violent deaths is 10, and the figure of ailments of pet Canis familiaris onslaughts is 7. In add-on, more than 30 vehicle work stoppages are happening between worlds and bear s. New Jerseyans have the right to desire to protect themselves, kids, pets, farm animal, and belongings against bears. A proposed bear Hunt of crisp taws would cut down the figure of black bears by up to 75 % over a three twelvemonth clip period, from more than 1,000 down to 250. The effects of a professional bear Hunt would non merely ensuing dramatic, immediate consequences, but would turn out to be safer, more efficient, and much lower in cost compared with several other options. As opposed to a regular Hunt where any accredited huntsman of any juvenile accompanied by a accredited grownup can take part, the sharp-shooter Hunt would merely be available to a choice group of hired huntsmans, after go throughing safety classs. This Hunt would non merely cut down the hazard of incidental hurts obtained by inexperient huntsmans, but would besides decrease the inhuman treatment towards the bears. Having first-class purpose and precise cognition of bear hunting, the sharp-shooter could kill each bear rapidly and painlessly with one slug instead than wounding the bear foremost and tracking it down to finish the drawn-out putting to death. The efficiency with which the professional huntsmans work, could finish the Hunt with several yearss, hence doing less of a break in the community. Many communities would see a great copiousness of recreational huntsmans if a legalized Hunt becomes available to them, but with the proposed the sharp-shooter Hunt, a fewer sum of huntsmans would get in the county. Last, experts estimate the cost of the sharp-shooter Hunt being less expensive than programs for relocating, sterilising, and euthanizing bears while educating the community and protection forces. An organized Hunt consisting of trained professionals proves to hold a lower cost than alternate solutions, to be a more efficient manner of using hunting clip, and to hold a higher grade of safety compared to a random Hunt. Targeting and euthanizing excessively debatable bears serves as the 2nd possible solution to covering with the black bear population in New Jersey. The province, place to over 1,000 bears, up from merely 50 bears in the late sixtiess, is having ailments about # 8220 ; bad-news bears # 8221 ; tipping refuse tins and moving sharply toward worlds. The figure of ailments are increasing drastically from 285 in 1995 to 1, 659 last twelvemonth. Under this 2nd solution, the Division # 8217 ; s Wildlife Control Unit will capture debatable bears, doing prope rty harm and other more serious jobs. After being captured, the bears go through the tagging procedure where experts besides remove the bears from the ailment site. Upon release, the bears receive intense antipathy therapy to modify their behaviour, including Piper nigrum spray, gum elastic slugs, and pyrotechnics designed to scare animate beings. â€Å"When we capture a nuisance bear, we’ll draw a tooth [ to find age ] , tattoo it, draw blood, step it, and do certain the experience is so negative that he won’t desire to travel near another homo, † studies John Cichowski, a Texas Ranger at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Division of Fish and Wildlife studies that 82 % of antipathy therapy bears are no longer debatable after their release. Harmonizing to the Division Black Bear Policy, bears that repetition negative behaviours will be euthanized. Governor Whitman plans to modify the Policy, which authorizes the violent death of debatable bears, by bro adening the definition of debatable bears. Bears that enter places, putting to death farm animal, onslaught pets, or act sharply will be killed under her alteration, every bit good as bears returning to countries where they one time were a nuisance. This policy non merely will ensue in fewer deceases, but besides ensures a autumn in reported hunting hurts. This solution, non ever 100 % effectual, offers amore humanist position in covering with this job. Rather than declaring unfastened season on the full bear population, this option of conditioning and/or euthanizing debatable bears ensures that merely the bears presenting as menaces will endure the effects, whereas the peaceable bears non doing any problem are left to stay a portion of the community. The 3rd solution to the black bear population growing is take non-violent stairss to seek to let the bears to populate harmoniously with society instead than kill them at all. This controversial issue of killing or non killing some of the bear population is intensifying to a extremum. This solution option seems less barbarous, but besides less effectual. Many argue that the black bear has the right to be here sing that it is non an imported animate being. Environmentalists, animal-rights groups and 26 North Jersey municipalities protest planned bear Hunts, such as province Sierra Club President Jeff Tittel who argues # 8220 ; # 8230 ; the bear is one of nature # 8217 ; s last leftover symbols to stand in the manner of the suburbanization of the state. # 8221 ; Opponents dispute the bear ailment figures adding that non-lethal agencies particularly educational plans to forestall bear eating are all that is necessary to forestall most harm caused by bears. Covering with the safety i ssues, the menaces of hurts from runing disappear with alternate programs to command the animate beings, including relocating nuisance bears, supplying financess and preparation for constabulary to cover with the job, every bit good as and increasing the Department of Environmental Protection # 8217 ; s bear task force. Another non-violent manner to maintain the bear population from lifting any farther sit O sterilise them. When wildlife directors separately drag bears from their winter hibernation dens to weigh and mensurate them, to take blood samples, and to hang radio-transmitter neckbands around their cervixs, female bears could have a prophylactic injection at this clip, and the neckbands would take marksman months subsequently to the same animate being for a 2nd shooting. If even stronger action is deemed necessary, the females could be spayed and the males could be neutered during their winter physicals. True it would take several old ages to do a dent in the population, bu t the program would non harm a individual bear and still forestall excessively much genteelness from happening. Black bears, truly non-aggressive animate beings, huntsmans kill more people than do black bears. The human tolerance for the black bear is down. In 1995, 285 ailments were recorded last twelvemonth, 1,659 ailments were recorded and an extra 600 posings were reported. In decision, three buyable solutions covering with the black bear issue would be to engage a little group of sharp-shooters to carry on a black bear Hunt in the province of New Jersey, to aim debatable bears by seting them through antipathy therapy and euthanizing the bears that continue moving sharply, and to fund plans learning society ways to coexist with the bears without killing them. The Division # 8217 ; s Wildlife Control Unit is covering with the ailments on this serious job associated with an spread outing bear population as best it can, but its resources are limited. A long-run solution is in great demand, but until an concrete solution surfaces, interactions between bears and worlds are inevitable and struggles will go on to go more frequent as the figure of bears grow. The community remains about every bit split over the controversial solutions to the job. Although this issue is a specific one, it boils down to whether or non it is humanist to kill another animate being . This antique inquiry is the nucleus of the affair and society must come to an understanding on the reply to this inquiry before any betterments can happen.

Risks in online marketing

Risks in online marketing In the modern world, there is rise in charity organizations which deal with donated product such as books, toys, ornaments and small household goods. Unfortunately, these charity organizations often encounter financial problems due to low prices on commodities of high value. The potential customers of these charity organizations are mainly low wage earners and the old age pensioners. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risks in online marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to these challenges, charity organizations have opted to use online marketing to increase their markets. With their resolution to online marketing come several challenges. Consequently, this paper seeks to analyze the possible risks to the charity organizations going online and also provide solutions to minimize the risks that will be encountered. There are several risks that are related to the organization that opt to work online (Ottess en and Gronhaug, 2006). One of the major risk that is likely to be encountered is payment fraud (Li, 2003). With the use of credit, debit or personal cheque there is possibility of the charity getting defrauded through fake documents. Personal cheques are not reliable source since they might be bouncing therefore the business faces the risk in payment of commodity. The server providing the charity organization with the internet also known as the internet service provider may break down bringing the activities of the business to a halt. The organization is therefore exposed to threat of making losses due to ineffective performance. The software of the computer may encounter some fault resulting in error or omissions. This permits unauthorized individuals to use the services of the charity organization without the notice of the owner and can result in loss of property due to online theft. Another risk posed to the charity is the possibility of hacking (Shih and Wen, 2005). The compute r system of the organization is likely to be infected by the viruses, botnets, Trojan or worms since it is exposed to insecure usage by potential customers. Therefore, the computer system is likely to break down which in turn will affect the activities of the charity i.e. the organization is likely to make losses. To make matters worse, data stored in the computer system faces threat from the infection of the virus. The databases, software’s and files are likely to be affected by the viruses, Trojan or worms. Besides, there is a risk of spoofing. Illegal sites purporting to have a relationship with the genuine charity organization are likely to sprout. There is great likelihood because of the low costs of website creation and the ability to imitate the original pages. Therefore, customers of the business have a greater risk of being conned from by scammers. As a result, customer loyalty is likely to be lost hence the charity will perform poorly.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given that website development is much easier and cheaper, the copyright, patent and trademark names are likely to be infringed since the hackers can use the information about the business without authority from the owner (McKay and Marshall, 2004). There is also the issue of libel about the information published on the web page (Smith, 2004). The information that is contained in the web page concerning the charity may be damaged or destroyed leading to decrease of fame of the organization. Shipment costs are likely to be high since the organization has a responsibility of delivering the products to the doorstep of the consumer (Schienker and Crocker, 2003). This makes it to be an expensive business resulting to losses or minimum profit. To add on, the consumer can claim that the goods were not received or were of poor quality which may lead to compensation. The link between the organization and the supply channel will be poor or not sufficient since the customer does not have physical and free interaction with the business. Consequently the commodities will not sell as required therefore the stock might be scrapped in order to pave way for the new stock. Encryption is one of the ways that can secure the transaction between the consumer and the organization. The technology of encryption denies the unauthorized persons the information on the payment documents. This allows the information to be private and confidential therefore it can not be used without the knowledge of the owner. Authentication is another way to minimize risks in the charity organization. This is the satisfaction of the customer security after obtaining trust in the authority of the organization. This encourages the customer to access the internet business without fear since security is guaranteed upon the use of the commodities in the online business (Li, 2003). Digi tal certificates should be issued in order to secure communication of the organization from possible hackers (Reisnich, 2005). This involves the use of electronic files that distinguishes the genuine storefronts of the organization which are on line. Therefore the consumer is protected against the scammers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risks in online marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training the staff about the risks encountered is a way of managing the risks that are encountered in the organization (Pathak, 2005). This enables the staff to be aware of the risks involved in the online transaction and this will help to curb down the uncertainties that may be encountered. The charity should be able to choose the right bank and proper payment methods in order to avoid defrauding and loss of property. It follows that the potential bank should be conversant with the risks associated with online transac tions. The website content about the charity organization should be sufficient and reliable in order to minimize the risks involved in the business. For instance, the web page should consist of shipping, refund and privacy policies. To add on, the page should be easy to use for their consumer. Making of internal structures that prevent fraud and implementing them is another way to minimize the risks related to the charity organization. This includes the strategies that the business plans in order to counter fraud cases. Tools that are meant to prevent fraud should be used in order to avoid fraud cases. For example, the use of secured codes in the master and visa cards can greatly reduce chances of being scammed. The charity organization should be vigilant in the use of the credit cards in order to avoid the fraud cases. This involves carefully screening the cards that are used in the online transaction to minimize the risks related to fraud cases. Possible intruders to the account o f the charity organization should be prevented (Shih and Wen, 2005). This is enhanced by protecting the account from unauthorized persons. In conclusion, it is clear that the charity organization will be at risks when it goes online as compared to when it operates through the physical location. Both the charity organization and its potential customer are exposed to greater risk when the business decides to go online. Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, if the charity organization takes extra caution in order to minimize the risks, the performance of the charity is likely to be boosted up. This is because the sales are likely to increase due to the large number of customers purchasing from the charity. Reference List Li, S., 2003. Future trends and challenges of financial risk management in the digital economy. Managerial Finance, 29(5/6), pp.111-125. Mckay, J. and Marshall, P., 2004. Strategic management of e-business. Singapore: John Willey Sons Austria, Ltd. Ottessen, G.G. and Gronhaug, K., 2006. Pursuing Opportunities: Why so many fail and so few succeed. European Journal of Marketing, 40(1/2), pp.100-112. Pathak, J., 2005. Guest editorial. Risk management, internal controls and organizational vulnerabilities. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(6), pp.569-577. Reisnich, R., 2005. E-commerce: Managing the Legal Risks. Managerial Law, 47(1/2), pp.168-196. Schienker, L. and Crocker, N., 2003. Building an e-business scenario foe small business: the IBM SME Gateway project. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 6(1), pp.7-17. Shih, S. and Wen, H.J., 2005. E-enterprise security management life cycle. Information Management and Computer Security, 13(2), pp.121-134. Smith, A.D., 2004. E-security issues and policy development in an information sharing and networked environment. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 56(6),pp.272-285.

Fiber optics technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fiber optics technology - Essay Example ITU-T G.651 and ITU-T G.652 (standard SMF) are the two compositional standards (Alwayn, 2004). Standards that relate to performance govern transmitters and receivers and include; Optical Transport Network the, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, etc. Other standards are developed for specific niches. For instance, fiber optics in satellite communication begs other standards to adhere to. The deposition of dopants can be done in three standard ways: inside, outside and axial vapor deposition (Held, 1999). Moreover, advances in the use fiber optic systems has created a demand for standards that enable interoperability between telephone companies and interexchange carriers. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) in Europe and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) in North America (Held, 1999) are data transportation vehicle capable of supporting data rates in gigabyte range. There is not just one way of implementing fiber optic technology. For instance, the most common way for this implementation is a high-speed fiber optic local area network (LAN). Before implementing this technology, a feasibility study is made. If a company needs to go into an area where there are no pre-existing cable networks then implementation is much easier. Fiber optic technology is very different from DSL services, therefore, implementing a new technology in a blank area is much easier. However, if there are copper wires installed for transmitting data then cost justifications, minimizing disruptions for the use of SML and the cost for connecting to NPS backbone LAN, need to be made (Ee, 2004). The demand for high-speed internet usually drives the service providers to move to a better technology. The greatest hurdle preventing the widespread implementation of fiber optics is its cost. Implementing new fiber optic network is a troublesome task especially when old infrastructures like DSL and cable are already serving the customers

The Burden of the Current Unemployment Insurance Program on Small Essay

The Burden of the Current Unemployment Insurance Program on Small Businesses and Possible Alternatives - Essay Example Instead, they want to pay more for the employees' salaries and wage protection. The business cost rising from the payment of tax towards unemployment compensation will have to recoup by the business firm through its business and actually the consumers bear the tax burden of the firm. The tax rate of unemployment insurance is based on the stability in working of the firms. A company with stable employment history will get deduction in tax rate. An employer is held liable for paying towards unemployment insurance in case he has quarterly payroll of $1500 or more in a calendar year. "The tax rate for new employers is .0270 (2.7 percent). The first $7,000 in wages paid to each employee during a calendar year is taxable. Any amount over $7,000 for the year is excess wages and is not subject to tax. Excess wages can never be greater than gross wages."1 According to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act establishment and administration of the Unemployment Compensation Program is carried on mutually by the state and federal governments. Thus there exist dual system of state and federal in the tax program and the, payments of the employer towards payroll taxes is levied by both the state and federal governments. The rate of payment towards unemployment taxes by employees is on the basis of established tax rates and the history of employers work stability. Thus employers having a history of greater unemployed workers would have to pay more towards the unemployment compensation tax. In case the business owner is compelled to lay off his business for military service, the resulted unemployment to workers would lead to count as a higher unemployment rate in the firm and thus the tax rate payable by the employer will be higher. Similarly if the employees took leave from their jobs for military service then also firms work history will be shown as higher unemployment rate and thus also the tax rate will be increased. In case workers who refrain from job for joining with their transferred military spouse have the legal right to receive unemployment compensation. Thus the employer wants to pay for their non working employees even though job is exist there. In some states the employers are not chargeable for the workers' leave for military service and thus it does not taken for calculating its tax rate. However the workers have the right to receive unemployment compensation and this is charged from the unemployment compensation fund of the state. Thus the actual cost of workers compensation is paid by the employer as a socialized cost and this will lead to increase the overall state unemployment tax rate. 2 Complicated tax regulations is causing firms to indulge in unnecessary law suits with high cost and this will always prevent establishing new business. Along with this higher rate of workers compensation and unemployment insurance has lead to increasing the labor cost of firms. In Florida there employ tort reform for reducing the burden of employers. Joint and several liability rate reductions are followed in workers unemployment compensation insurance. Small businesses are seriously affected by the workers compensation insurance. Majority of the burden of the rising tax rate is always comes to small businesses. Due to shortfalls in state regulation relating to compensation insurance the small business are required to bear a major portion of the UC fund. The working cost such as regulatory costs and tax payments are always becoming

Analyse and evaluate the overall HR strategy, especially in relation Coursework

Analyse and evaluate the overall HR strategy, especially in relation to manpower planning and talent management - Coursework Example Therefore, in the perspective of workforce sequences such as change in customer preference and technology in the field of engineering and mechanical design technology. Future oriented organizations such TNNB must consider rethinking of their view of human resource management strategies, which have key internal and external factors affecting them in an organization. Radical changes have to be undertaken in the company regarding various human resource management variables that will help manage current and future human capital in the organization. These factors are social, technological and depend greatly on the environment in which the human capital is located. The organizations success depends on the design and implementation strategy that human resource has. These strategies should be linked to the employee of the organization and other external factors such as the government. Human resource strategies should also analyze all the dimensions of TNNB systems such as nature of staff their skills and abilities, stakeholders and the current market trends in the industry. This will help the management to predict thus manage their labour force leading to maximum labour output. In addition, the culture within the organization, leadership from the two project managers and employee engagement has a crucial role to play in talent retention (Amos 2008 pg45). The management should consider these factors in order to develop an integrated framework in talent management; this will help the organization to develop a pathway for outstanding business performance. In an organizational set up such as TNNB, it is common knowledge that team managers should add more value in the corporation. This will help reduce tension between the two engineering departments. The best strategy of doing this is by converting the engineers and other sub ordinate staff in to business partners of

Business Intelligence Advantages and Disadvantages

Business Intelligence Advantages and Disadvantages Introduction The purpose of this report is to discuss the both the advantages and disadvantages of using Business Intelligence within a business. As well as to discuss the potential algorithms which could be used to achieve datamining which will allow for discovery of information who may be existing or potential future customers. By the end of this report I aim to make it clear the advantages of incorporating these tools and techniques within the business, and the benefits that will be seen. Business Intelligence Business Intelligence (Business Intelligence , 2007) is a collection various technologies and tools which are used for collecting, organizing and analysing data and information, and then providing the user with the information in a form which will help them with making business decisions. There are 3 major parts to business intelligence Reporting, Integration and Analysis. Reporting is essentially the creation and use of reports, while integration is about taking data from a source and being able to modify it to fit another purpose and data source. Finally, Analysis is the producing and organizing structures that have been filled with data taken from a separate source, commonly tools such as OLAP (OLAP, n.d.) (Online Analytical Processing) are used in order to achieve this. This process if often referred to as Data Mining. Using Business Intelligence has numerous advantages and is something that every company should consider using. One of its most obvious advantages is that it can help show trends and correlation in statistics (E.G user activity, sales, and complaints) and this can then be used by businesses in order to improve. Another considerable advantage of using Business Intelligence is also the reliability of the presented information and allows for relatively accurate prediction which greatly improves planning. Although it should be noted that there are some disadvantages to using Business Intelligence, this is that the historical data that is recorded needs to be stored somewhere, and this takes up more memory, which not only means more cost in storage, but also a speed reduction as there will be a huge amount data to be analysed. Another notable disadvantage is the potentially high initial cost, as well as maintenance cost, and although these costs should pay for themselves with improved decision making there is a possibility of the investment not paying off. There are not many disadvantages to using business intelligence, but they should still be taken into consideration. (Disadvantages of Business Intelligence, n.d.) A good example of business intelligence being used by other recognisable companies is that Netflix (Business Intelligence, 2015), the online media streaming service, using this system of business intelligence to work out which shows will be popular, and which of their categories may need a little reworking. This gives them the information they need to stay ahead of the curve and to make sure the shows that remain on the site are popular. Datamining algorithms With computers being used more and more within businesses, the information that the business needs to function is also stored on these computers (E.G Sales records, customer information etc.) so the ability to scan and analyse these massive amounts of information is incredibly beneficial to not only making business based decisions, but to predict sales trends or areas in need of improvement. There are a wide range of different Data Mining algorithms available to use, the ones discussed here will be the Decision tree, Bayesian Classification as well as K-Means. I have chosen to discuss and compare these 3 as they are quite different in how they operate.    One of the most commonly used Data Mining algorithms is the Decision Tree (Decision Tree Algorithm, n.d.), at the top of the decision tree we have a Root, which is essentially a check on an attribute, and from there the answers to the check make the branches. The leaves of the tree are in fact formed from each class label. The advantages of using this algorithm compared to the others is that in order to function it requires to prior knowledge of the domain, the other huge advantage which makes an attractive solution is that it is also very easy to follow and understand compared to more complex algorithms. The complexity for this algorithm can be worked out by the number of leaves that the decision tree has. This algorithm is often called Supervised Learning, this basically means that the data is already labelled within classes. (Image taken from (http://www.saedsayad.com/decision_tree.htm(Decision Tree Algorithm, n.d.)) The second mostly commonly used algorithm for Data Mining is known as Bayesian Classification (Bayesian Classifcation, n.d.), this algorithm effectively works via predicting the probability that a pattern or set of information belongs to a specific class. This algorithm is often favoured among the Data Mining techniques for its efficient results, although it needs to be taken into consideration that if the data is highly random then another algorithm would be preferred over the Bayesian Classification. It is also not recommended to use this algorithm with small data sets as this came mean a very low precision as well as recall. Although this algorithm might seem simple, its also highly accurate and is used often in filtering software (email spam, language filters). This algorithm is a supervised learning, as the user provides it with an already labelled dataset. The third algorithm which should be considered for the Crowd Funding System is K-Means (k-means, n.d.). This algorithm works by creating groups based on the set of objects this results in the in the members of the group more similar, this algorithm is often referred to as Cluster Analysis. Cluster Analysis is a collection of different algorithms which all follow the same pattern (Clusters, n.d.). The pattern being that they create groups (or clusters) in a way which means that the cluster members are much more similar as opposed to non-grouped members. This is not quite unsupervised nor supervised learning, this is because the user states the number of clusters needed, but it still features unsupervised learning as well as the algorithm learns where the cluster belongs without the user needing to provide it with any more information. Ive compared 3 algorithms, a decision tree based one, a clustering based one and a naà ¯ve one. My recommendation for use with the Crowd Funding Software would be the Decision Tree, this is for a number of reasons, the first being that its extremely easy to follow, even by someone who has no prior knowledge to the algorithm. Also because its easy to follow and understand its also easy to maintain and tweak it depending on the circumstance. Another major reason that I would chose decision tree is that they work quickly as well being non-parametric. Non-parametric means that the algorithm doesnt need specific data distribution in order to function. Data-mining advantages and disadvantages The main advantage of using Data-Mining for the Crowd Funding System would be that it could use Affinity Analysis (Affinity Analysis, n.d.), this is basically a scan off all the customers previous shopping history and then be able to advertise to them directly. This applies to the Crowd Funding System as we can use data mining to find out what projects a customer prefers and then advertise those projects directly to them. (E.G If a particular user often supports Gaming Software projects on the webpage, then we can use this information to have all Gaming Software projects as the top hit on their home page.) Affinity Analysis can often be used to detect fraud, which is useful for any company. Another advantage that this business can gain from Data Mining is Customer Segmentation, this is the process of breaking the customers down into smaller group based on say age, occupation or even gender. The advantage of doing this is that you can then target your advertisement to people who will be highly interested, and the more effective the advertising the more money people will donate to the projects. This applies directly to the Crowd Funding Systems first example, using this customer segmentation the film writer / director will be advertise her project to all her previous fans, or even people who are interested in that genre, this will mean she can reach a much more interested user base. The other huge advantage of Data Mining that can be applied to the CFS is that it can help to achieve Sales Forecasting, this is exactly what it sounds like, and it uses previous sales records to relatively accurately provide predictions for future sales. This can be used by the system for the second example the Kinect mobile phone battery, if they can predict how many donations the project is going to get they can either boost its advertisement, or perhaps communicate with the user that previous similar projects havent been able to reach their goal or at least direct them where they went wrong. One of the concerns the current business has is damage to its reputation, using data mining techniques they will be able to not only boost their donations and improve their advertisement, but also be able to learn more from the customers, and this can only be beneficial for the company. Donor exhaustion was also on the companies list of concerns, but data mining will be able to prevent this because it can be used to keep track of what advertisement has been sent to who, and what projects they are likely to bid on, so routinely changing the projects they are advertised will keep the users hopefully interested. CRM CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management (CRM, n.d.) And is used by businesses to keep their customers happy, it uses data mining techniques in order to get feedback and improve on their products constantly. The data mining algorithms discussed earlier are extremely useful for gathering and analysing information and data about customers and opinions on projects. We can then use this information to make improvements or changes where they are needed, and this will greatly increase customer satisfaction as customers will be able to see the changes they wanted. Although it is recommended to only try this with a vast amount of data, and huge amount of transactions. As smaller amounts of data can provide in accurate information. Using CRM will greatly improve the Crowd Funding Companys reputation and mean they have a lot more satisfied donors. Conclusion In conclusion I strongly recommend that the crowd funding system decides to include data mining algorithms. It has a long list of advantages including sales prediction, improved advertisement, and mostly importantly improved customer satisfaction. I would also highly recommend the use of the decision tree algorithm as its easy to follow and can easily be modified depending on the information that needs to be collected. It should be noted that choice of data source is important, as some of them may provide useful information, but there are quite a few that should be ignored.   CRM should also be taken into consideration, as using this software has proven to greatly improve the publics opinion of a business. A modern business cant afford not to use these data mining techniques, as failure to utilize these tools will mean a huge disadvantages against its competitors. The more information that can be collected from this companies customers, the more value the company can provide them, and the happier the customer the more donations that will be made. References Affinity Analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_analysis Bayesian Classifcation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_mining/dm_bayesian_classification.htm Business Intelligence . (2007, March 6). Retrieved from http://www.cio.com/article/2439504/business-intelligence/business-intelligence-business-intelligence-definition-and-solutions.html Business Intelligence. (2015, Febuary 26). Retrieved from http://businessintelligence.com/big-data-case-studies/data-driven-proof-netflix-needs-buy-blockbuster/ Clusters. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis CRM. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/CRM Decision Tree Algorithm. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.saedsayad.com/decision_tree.htm Disadvantages of Business Intelligence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://business.mapsofindia.com/business-intelligence/disadvantages.html k-means. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering OLAP. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://olap.com/olap-definition/ Star Schema Notes The use of BLOB is so that the users can store there video sales pitches within the database, after some research I realised there wasnt a dedicated media storage format and instead have to suffice story it in binary.

The Issue of Experiment in Mathematics Essay -- Math Philosophy Philos

The Issue of Experiment in Mathematics ABSTRACT: The issue of the status of mathematical knowledge a priori or a posteriori has been repeatedly considered by the philosophy of mathematics. At present, the development of computer technology and their enhancement of the everyday work of mathematicians have set a new light on the problem. It seems that a computer performs two main functions in mathematics: it carries out numerical calculations and it presents new areas of research. Thanks to cooperation with the computer, a mathematician can gather different data and facts concerning the issue of interest. Moreover, he or she can carry out different "tests" with the aid of a computer. For instance, one can study strange attractors, chaotic dynamics, and fractal sets. By this we may talk about a specific experimentation in mathematics. The use of this kind of testing in mathematical research results in describing it as an experimental science. The goal of the paper is to attempt to answer the questions: does mathematics reall y transform into experimental or quasi-experimental science and does mathematics vary from axiomatic-deductive science into empirical science? For thirty years the computer has been used by mathematicians to solve some problems. Automatic proving of theorems, proofs obtained with the aid of the computer for the theorems whose traditional proofs are not known (e.g. the four colour problem), using computer graphics, observations of different systems behaviour with parameters changed, solving differential equations, integration — these are only a few possibilities of computer application in mathematics. Using the computer created new work conditions for a mathematician, at the same time bringing about severa... ...objects. Because there can be shown an analogy between mathematics and natural sciences. Physical objects are recognized in the process of our experiencing materialistic reality. The experiment in natural sciences can be defined as a dialogue between the learning subject and the nature, which exists objectively. If we treat the experiment in mathematics in similar way, then there has to be two interlocutors: a mathematician and the field of mathematical objects, subjected to its own rules independent on the researcher's will. Notes (1) B.Mandelbrot in the context of using computer graphics states that: "The eye deserves to be made an integral part of the process of scientific thought" ("Opinions", Fractals 1(1993)1, p.120). (2) Those examples are quoted by G.Polya in "Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning", vol. I, Princeton-New Jersey 1954, p. 90-100, 168. The Issue of Experiment in Mathematics Essay -- Math Philosophy Philos The Issue of Experiment in Mathematics ABSTRACT: The issue of the status of mathematical knowledge a priori or a posteriori has been repeatedly considered by the philosophy of mathematics. At present, the development of computer technology and their enhancement of the everyday work of mathematicians have set a new light on the problem. It seems that a computer performs two main functions in mathematics: it carries out numerical calculations and it presents new areas of research. Thanks to cooperation with the computer, a mathematician can gather different data and facts concerning the issue of interest. Moreover, he or she can carry out different "tests" with the aid of a computer. For instance, one can study strange attractors, chaotic dynamics, and fractal sets. By this we may talk about a specific experimentation in mathematics. The use of this kind of testing in mathematical research results in describing it as an experimental science. The goal of the paper is to attempt to answer the questions: does mathematics reall y transform into experimental or quasi-experimental science and does mathematics vary from axiomatic-deductive science into empirical science? For thirty years the computer has been used by mathematicians to solve some problems. Automatic proving of theorems, proofs obtained with the aid of the computer for the theorems whose traditional proofs are not known (e.g. the four colour problem), using computer graphics, observations of different systems behaviour with parameters changed, solving differential equations, integration — these are only a few possibilities of computer application in mathematics. Using the computer created new work conditions for a mathematician, at the same time bringing about severa... ...objects. Because there can be shown an analogy between mathematics and natural sciences. Physical objects are recognized in the process of our experiencing materialistic reality. The experiment in natural sciences can be defined as a dialogue between the learning subject and the nature, which exists objectively. If we treat the experiment in mathematics in similar way, then there has to be two interlocutors: a mathematician and the field of mathematical objects, subjected to its own rules independent on the researcher's will. Notes (1) B.Mandelbrot in the context of using computer graphics states that: "The eye deserves to be made an integral part of the process of scientific thought" ("Opinions", Fractals 1(1993)1, p.120). (2) Those examples are quoted by G.Polya in "Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning", vol. I, Princeton-New Jersey 1954, p. 90-100, 168.

“Mending Wall” by Robert Frost Essay

Robert Frost’s poetry is always simple and direct, yet strangely deep. Everyone can read into his poem but with different kind of expression. Frost has been discovering the world. He likes to explore relationships between individuals and between people and nature. One of his famous poems, ‘Mending Wall’, reveals his feelings and ideas about community, life and imagination. In New Hampshire, where Frost’s house was, there was a stonewall. This stonewall was the inspiration for the poem â€Å"Mending Wall†. It was here that Frost used to repair this wall with his neighbor Napoleon Guay, who always says: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† In his poem ‘Mending Wall’, the persona and the neighbor are mending a wall that separates their properties. The most interesting statement in this poem: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† (line 25) is a paradox, which attracts our attention and lead us to further discussion on Frost’s intention to write this poem. Every winter, the wall fell down and every spring, the persona and the neighbor met together to mend it. It has somehow become an entertainment for them, as stated in line 21, â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game†. Later, the persona found that there were no reasons to mend the wall at all, and this arises to the central theme of the poem. The persona kept on questioning the reasons for mending since they do not keep any animals. In the poem, it says: Why do they make good neighbors? Isn’t it Where there are cows? But here there are no cows, Before I built a wall I’d ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offense.(Line 31-34) If a wall needs repair every year, it is not a good fence. Yet, it does make good neighbors because it brings the men together every spring. Maybe the neighbor’s father had this very same intention too. The two characters meet and know more about each other when they work on the wall together. This  explanation is quite ironic because the wall is meant to isolate them, but is also a common ground that connects them. And the persona’s words also possess some kind of irony in it because though he was somehow criticizing the neighbor for mending the wall, he was doing it too. As Rober Poirier claims that ‘The real significance of the famous poem ‘Mending Wall’ is that it suggests how much for Frost freedom is contingent upon some degree of restriction.’ If the persona is actually Frost himself, he is then subject to a restriction for what he wants to do. He has no choices. He suffers because he has to rebuild the wall with his neighbor every yea r. But the point is, if the neighbor could not feel that they were in the dark, there would be no possibility of light for both of them. In order to change the whole situation, the neighbor needs to think it over what’s the mean of having the wall between them. But still, the persona has very limited control to the situation. About Community†¦ â€Å"Mending Wall is about the opposite impulse which is to fence yourself in, to form relationships that are really exclusive.† (Richard’s book, p.7) ‘Mending wall’ is a poem about the world. It is about our community. The wall represents what we as individuals are blocking out. Frost questioned why the neighbor insists upon blocking their properties, though there are only trees inside. Maybe the man was just trying to keep out people, or even the world in order to feel more secure. The neighbor and the persona know that they have to rely on each other. But at the same time they are building walls to protect themselves. Here, the Chinese proverb â€Å"A wicked heart is unwanted, but a defensive heart is vital† can very well support their behavior. In line 21 â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game†, it suggested that since the outdoors game involves some kinds of rules, it also can applies to the situation that people must know the rules in the community and play the game properly. It is ‘the wall’ in our mind that acts as part of the rule in our  game and that ‘wall’ that has been taken for granted. Frost wants to break down the barriers set up by man and to make the community live in harmony. The barriers, which are represented by the ‘wall’ in the poem, are what kept people from questioning or even contemplating things out in every day’s life. These barriers are often subconsciously put up and strengthened by people in a society and they control one’s thought. Frost reminds us to free our thoughts from barriers and to help us eventually attain freedom. In line 20, the persona said, â€Å"We wear our fingers rough with handling them†. He asks his neighbor not to mend the wall anymore since it makes no reason for doing that. He wants to live in harmony. However, the neighbor says, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† He thinks the wall keeps people honest but the only thing he is hiding behind the wall might be – fear.He gave himself an excuse that distance could guarantee everything. But â€Å"distance† can be easily been misinterpreted, as Mark Van Doren says: â€Å"Distance is a good thing, and so is admitted difference, even when it sounds like hostility. For there can be a harmony of separate sounds that seem to be at war with another, but one sound is like no sound at all, or else it is like death.† (33) To keep a distance doesn’t really mean to have to build a wall between the two. The wall here seems not quite necessary for the persona and the neighbor. In a community, a wall can act both positively and negatively. Negatively, it can act as a barrier that put off communication, trust and unity. Positively, it can guarantee security and privacy in nowadays’ society. In the past centuries people kept on building walls, both concrete and abstract ones. The former protects both their property and privacy, while the latter blocks away their trust and communications with others. One very good example of the building of wall that blocks people apart was the Berlin Wall in Germany (1961-1989). After the Second World War in 1945, Germany was divided into two sectors called the FRG (the west Germany) and the GDR (the east Germany). For 28 years, the Berlin Wall separated friends, families, and a nation. At least 100 people were killed at the Berlin Wall. So, what’s  the wall for? Is it really good to have a wall? For those years when the wall was there, relationship of people had not been improved but only hatred and grief had grown. About Life†¦ Robert Frost has written many poems about life. His poems contain topics on life choice, obstacles and gaps between people, such as The Road not taken, The Gift Outright and Come in. Reading his poems is just like â€Å"sucking the marrow of life†. He is a philosopher, but his ideas are lying behind his poems, not in them-but buried well in it, for us to guess at if we please. In ‘Mending Wall’, a barrier is discussed. It can be both psychological and physical. The father of the neighbor reinforced and insured a lack of communication so it resulted in the ignorance in the next generation. The neighbor is a perfect example of the product of these barriers. He does not really know why the wall is there, he never questions his father’s words and understands that the wall is really keeping him and his neighbor from having a better friendship. Frost describes the neighbor as follows: like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me.(Line 40-41) The darkness is the ignorance that he has while mending the fence. This shows that the neighbor has limitation of thoughts. The wall restricts people’s sight and mental power without widening their insights that is why the neighbor is described as â€Å"an old-stone savage armed†. Their farm contains only trees, which would be enough for a boundary. There is no physical need for the wall, so there is no apparent reason for going through the trouble of fixing it every year. The neighbor repeats saying â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† although he does not know why the wall is necessary nor does he know why it will make them better neighbors. Frost is criticizing the ignorance of the neighbor here. However, it is ironic that  self-righteous persona obsessively committed to the â€Å"wall building† himself. Maybe the main theme of the poem: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† does not only mean a good fence helps to make good neighbors because it can separate clearly their possession and one cannot interfere with others. It can vice versa be explained in the way the ‘good neighbor’ can helps to make ‘good fences’ because both of them will be responsible and willing to make their shared possession looks nice r. The poem suggests something about no matter how or where we live, the place will become smaller and more enclosed if we forget to explore beyond our own boundaries. When we go beyond our walls, we can be more comfortable by knowing others. The persona thought that the wall is not necessary. He is perhaps non-traditional, non-confrontational and desires to have a true relationship without boundaries that can divide mankind. Line 23 illustrates that: â€Å"There where it is we do not need the wall†. However, there might be a difference in perception about the wall affairs. The persona might think that it is a â€Å"wall building† but the neighbor thinks that it is just â€Å"fence mending†. To Frost himself, he thinks that a wall between men is terrible. From the first line in his poem, the â€Å"something† that made the wall fell might be ‘the power of love’. It reinforced the idea of â€Å"We must love one another or perish†. That ‘power of love’ doesn’t love the wall, for it is blocking people from loving one another. â€Å"The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love, and to let it come in.† A wall is exactly the thing that prevents people from putting these words into action. The feeling of love is one of the basic needs for one’s life as this feeling influence very much our behaviors. A wall is a wall. No matter how hard the neighbor tries to fix it, it would not change its original implication and effect, that is, to block out people. Just as a German painter claims that: â€Å"We are not trying to make the wall beautiful because in fact it’s absolutely impossible. 80 persons have being killed trying to jump over the Berlin wall to escape to West Berlin, so you can cover that wall with hundred of kilos of color, but it will stay  the same†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Thierry Noir) About Imagination†¦ Imagination is the forming of a picture in mind in a creative way. It is human’s internal thinking. Imagination is always needed for creating a poem and when analyzing it. It gives us dream and a sight of the future. The more a person is civilized and educated, the more imaginative their minds will be. Every person (but more on poets and artist) possesses these qualities. Imagination is needed to work out the abstract ideas in our lives. Without imagination, we won’t be able to understand our lives because life itself is very abstract. In the poem, the persona made an imagination that â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall† (line1). That ‘something’ is an imagined agent who caused the wall to fall every year. It was left as a mystery. Frost led us to think who or what that ‘something’ is, and why it has caused the wall to fall, and later, bring to the argument of â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† The theme of the poem is that the persona thinks that no wall is necessary between his neighbor and his property. In the poem, the persona thinks that the neighbor seems to use the wall just for keeping the cones of the pine trees away from the apple trees. Frost made use of metonymy in line 24-26 to describe his feeling: He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. It means the persona is growing apple orchard while the neighbor is growing pine trees. Since they are only trees and not animals, they would not be able to get across to the other side to disturb each other. Frost mentioned this to reinforce his feeling of mending the wall is foolish. If imagination is applied in interpreting this part of the poem, I think these lines could also mean that the persona was comparing himself to an apple orchard, he is nice and he can bear fruit, and the fruit is sweet. The apple here may symbolize the persona’s thoughts and ideas, which is quite right and brilliant. The neighbor is compared to a tall, unbendable pine tree, which symbolize that he was stubborn and reluctant to change. The neighbor does not have individual thoughts and critical thinking, he only believes whatsoever his father told him about. Imagination makes impossible become possible. It also turns meaninglessness into meaning. In reading poetry, it should be open for interpretation instead of having one possible answer. It is people’s emotional state of mind that cannot be concrete or visualized. Poetry is dead because the poem is dead; it’s different imaginations and interpretations, which makes poetry alive. Robert Frost’s poem is easy to understand. It covers a large area of topics. The poem is easy and simple. Yet, if you drill more into it, you may discover that it contains many morals that enlighten you and help you to live a better life. As Mark Van Doren has said: He is a poet who can be understood anywhere by readers versed in matters more ancient and universal than the customs of one country, whatever that country is. (32) His intention of writing this poem is to reveal the strong message about love and unity, as in the song â€Å"The Internationale† has stated: Let no one build walls to divide us Wall of hatred nor walls of stone Come greet the dawn and stand beside us We’ll live together or we’ll die alone†¦

Mark Twain Quotes About Death

Mark Twain Quotes About Death Mark Twain  died on April 21, 1910, but he had plenty to say on the subject while he was still alive. Death may be a morbid topic for many. However, Mark Twain chose to make light of the subject. He often joked about how dreadful the world would be if we were to continue to live forever.   Mark Twain Quotes About Death You can develop a new perspective on death through Mark Twains death quotes. Here, you will find Mark Twain embracing the concept of death with his famous wry sense of humor. We never become really and genuinely our entire and honest selves until we are dead and not then until we have been dead years and years. People ought to start dead and then they would be honest so much earlier.Let us endeavor to live that when we come to die even the undertaker will be sorry.We owe a deep debt of gratitude to Adam, the first great benefactor of the human race: he brought death into the world.All say, How hard it is that we have to die a strange complaint to come from the mouths of people who have had to live.The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man who lives fully is prepared to die at any time.Thousands of geniuses live and die undiscovered either by themselves or by others.Do the thing you fear most and the death of fear is certain.

Health Care Interview Essays

Health Care Interview Essays Health Care Interview Essay Health Care Interview Essay Certified Nursing Assistant (CNAs) The Certified Nursing Assistant (CNAs) department at Arbor Springs Health and Rehab Center consist of nurses and nursing assistants providing direct, physical, and emotional care to the patients. The type work done in this department deals with one-on-one care from the nursing assistant to the patient. The interviewee has the responsibilities of helping patients with personal care tasks such as feeding, toileting and bathing, as well as transporting patients and providing support to both the patient and his or her family. Nursing assistants also monitor the patients condition, taking vital signs and maintaining or checking medical and personal equipment such as catheters. CNAs assist patients with wheelchairs or other assistive devices and may lead patients in therapeutic exercise or other activities to increase strength and range of motion. The interviewee which is a CNA at Arbor Springs Health and Rehab Center provides the same care to the patients that are under the care of the Rehab Center. The interviewee primary responsibility not only consist of helping the patient with his or her personal needs but is also responsible for general care of the patient, such as ensuring that his or her room is clean. In most facilities, it is the nursing assistants who change linens and assure that the patients immediate area is sanitary. Another very important duty of the CNAS being interviewed is to document all care that they give as a part of the medical record. For example, CNAs record vital signs or urine input/output levels. The interviewee career path for being a CNA at Arbor Springs Health and Rehab Center consist of required training programs which were offered at a technical college. The coursework for CNAs is primarily hands-on and includes training in basic patient care procedures, maintaining hygiene and sanitation, proper handling of bio-hazardous materials, patient safety and medical terminology. In order to be eligible for licensure as a CNA, students must successfully pass a professional board examination after completion of the training program. Training to become a medical assistant or CNA is offered by the Red Cross, community colleges, and online schools and through medical facilities. Some clinics will hire untrained and inexperienced workers and provide on-the-job training, but these opportunities may be hard to come by. Many schools offer training within medical facilities as part of their course programs as well. All CNAs must take an examination before they become qualified nursing assistants. To become a CNA you have to complete a training course which CNAs take anywhere from four to six weeks, and then get licensed in the state where you wish to work. After completing training, you’ll need to take a competency exam that tests both your book knowledge and practical skills that were taught during training. Practice tests and study guides are freely available online, so studying for the test should be a breeze. Moving into a new career after being a CNA will probably take at least two years of education, but the increased pay and benefits you’ll receive upon becoming a registered nurse or even an advanced practice registered nurse will easily make up for the time and money spent on education. There are a few positions that are much similar to CNAs. CNAs, orderlies, psychiatric aides, and medical assistants are often lumped into one large category, and though the positions share some similar duties. An orderly is a hospital attendant charged with non-medical patient care and general maintenance of systematic operations. Orderlies do not need a degree or certificate, and their interactions with patients are limited to non-treatment activities. Psychiatric Aides is similar to a CNA, except for the work environment. Mental health wards and psychiatric hospitals have different routines than regular hospitals, and psychiatric aides have to be familiar with the unique privacy concerns and treatment needs of mental health patients. A medical assistant does not need a degree or certificate, and their main responsibilities are to help doctors and nurses with routine tasks. Medical assistants have less authority to participate in patient treatment than CNAs. One important attribute for CNAs to be successful is to be professional. Nursing assistants often have to work with hospital patients or nursing home residents who are injured, handicapped or elderly, possibly resulting in feelings of loneliness, self-pity or depression. Its important for nurse assistants to remain professional and calm in the face of this behavior. Nursing assistants must have the ability to put their personal feelings in the background and focus on providing quality patient care under all circumstances, including differences of opinion, race, creed, color, nationality, sexual orientation and religious practices. Another key attribute to being successful as a nursing assistant is to be compassionate. Nurse assistants work daily with individuals unable to care for themselves; their patients are often suffering from an injury, disability or illness. Nurse assistants who treat their patients with compassion will deal with them gently, careful not to cause them additional pain. They will listen and speak to their charges with genuine respect and caring because they know heartfelt kindness CNAs be the first step on the road toward improved health. Although nurse assistants work mostly with patients, they must also have certain characteristics necessary for dealing with co-workers and colleagues. They should be adept at following written and verbal and instruction, they should be able to communicate both orally and in writing, they should feel comfortable working both independently and under supervision and they should consistently collaborate with fellow nurse assistants to provide patients with the best possible care. In conclusion, the interview has some very important role and responsibility as a CNA at Arbor Springs Health and Rehab Center. The CNA work to care for the needs of the patients whether it is direct, emotional, or physical care. The interviewee chosen department is unique because it allows them to meet and care for the needs of their patients. This would include feeding, bathing, or even monitoring and getting vital signs. It also allows the CNAs to build a relationship with his or her patient. As stated by the interviewee, it is not easy being a CNA but I love what I do and I love to see the smile on the face of the patients I care for.

Trend and pattern of armed conflicts since the Cold War Essay

Trend and pattern of armed conflicts since the Cold War - Essay Example the period that followed ‘the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1989 and the disintegration of the USSR in 1991’ (Colas et al. 2006, p.71). It is proved that the post-Cold War period has been characterized by the change in trends and patterns of armed conflicts internationally. It seems that the end of confrontation between the East and the West – as this confrontation has been developed through the Cold War – led to the beginning of new forms of armed conflicts in countries around the world; at the same time, certain forms of armed conflicts, as existed in the past, have still remained active; for instance, the Civil Wars (the Rwanda and the Sudan wars) and the Interstate armed conflicts (Gulf war). In any case, since the Cold War armed conflicts have been changed drastically, being characterized by the end of phenomena, like the short – term duration of conflicts and the fight towards a country’s enemy; armed conflicts in the post Cold-War era have been characterized by the development of terrorism, the control of Black market and the increase of their duration, in the context described below. 2. Armed conflicts in the post – Cold War era; trends and patterns 2.1 Conflict - overview In order to understand the change in the nature of armed conflicts since the Cold War it would be necessary to refer to the term ‘conflict’ as used today in order to describe the battles developed internationally. Traditionally, the term ‘conflict’, as a concept referring to military interventions, has been related to the following two missions: a) the protection of a country’s borders from invaders and b) the invasion in other countries and the occupation of their territory aiming to improve the invader’s strategic or economic position. Today, the term conflict describes a different situation: the use of weapons for protecting specific interests or to gain access to critical natural/ energy s ources. Of course, such conflicts existed also in the past – i.e. in the pre-Cold War period; however, at that period, these conflicts involved in countries and not in groups, as today. Reference should be made at this point to the categorization of armed conflicts, in order to understand the level of their effects internationally. Armed conflicts are likely to be categorized in accordance with the related deaths; in this context, the following three types of conflicts can be identified worldwide: a) the minor armed conflict – ‘at least 25 deaths annually’ (Feste 2003, p.153), b) the intermediate armed conflict –‘at least 1,000 deaths in total, but fewer than 1,000 deaths annually’ (Feste 2003, p.153) and c) the war – ‘at least 1,000 deaths annually’ (Feste 2003, p.153). On the other hand, armed conflicts can be state-based, i.e. supported – directly or indirectly – by the state, in terms of the partici pation of the national army; there is also the case of the non-state armed conflicts, which are developed among groups or communities without the active involvement of the local government. It should, further, noted that the state-based conflicts can be further categorized into interstate (between states), intrastate (within the state), extrastate (between the state and a group outside the state), the Civil wars and the state-formation conflicts; these categories must be taken into consideration when having to characterize and evaluate the type of armed

Violence in video games Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Violence in video games - Research Paper Example Such a lifestyle could only cause the individual to develop obesity among other poor health conditions, which can stimulate other health problems such as heart diseases and blood pressure. Research has gone ahead to show that playing video games increases the risk of suffering from many other diseases such as arthritis, diabetes and many more. Still on the health effects caused by video games, children and other players are likely to experience failing of vision. It is not healthy to the individual’s eyes when one spends long hours staring at the screen of the computer due to too much harmful radiation emitted as light. Many are the times when game addicts spend sleepless nights playing games. Those that do better will sleep late in the night for very few hours. Doctors and other medical officers have done their research and recommended that every human being should sleep for at least seven hours to keep mentally fit. Anyone therefore failing to follow this recommendation coul d be exposing themselves to risks of mental illnesses. This therefore means that by spending sleepless nights playing video games as many addicts do, may most likely invite mental instability to themselves. This implies that sleeping disorder is another health effect caused by playing video games. When students and children get addicted to playing video games, it becomes time consuming. This is how children end up wasting time that could have been used in carrying out better and meaningful activities such as reading and performing other chores.

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Human resource management - Essay Example Corporate culture affects a business and its workers in different ways so that workers become more creative and innovative. According to Hawken and Lovins (1999), a business that functions as a learning organization, rewarding measurement, monitoring continuous improvement always outpaces a corporate culture. A strong corporate culture provides a sense of identity for its employees so that they feel as part of the firm. A sound corporate culture can help form a effective teamwork among its workers. Corporate culture encourages workers to become more committed to the business and as a result industrial relation or high labor turn-over problems can be solved. Corporate culture contributes employee motivation that in turn increases the productivity of the employees. The corporate strategy can be used by managers as a measure to control managerial activities and to shape employee behavior and attitude towards the business. The researchers have found that strong corporate culture often damage company performances and its effectiveness in operation (Lowney, 2003, p. 209). People in a group or organization may be different in expressing values, rites or symbols and hence there can be subcultures within a corporate culture. The corporate culture can be ‘integrated, or differentiated or fragmented. The integration perspective of corporate culture is a unitary in which culture is shared and it would be unambiguous. The differentiation perspective is one in which culture forms in different ways. In fragmentation perspective, there would be little consensus between the workers in an organization regarding what is their culture. â€Å"Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal† (Northouse, 2009, p. 3) Leadership is the process of guiding the behavior of other people towards attaining organizational objectives. Leadership causes subordinates to behave in a particular

Social Imapct of Photography Essay Example for Free

Social Imapct of Photography Essay In politics, images have always made governments very nervous because of their powerfully persuasive and propagandistic potentialities. (In 1835 – before photography – the Emperor Louis-Philippe banned caricatures, describing them as ‘acts of violence’ too dangerous to go unchecked†¦) Then along came the photographic image: swift, visceral, intense, realistic, and clothed in an authenticity unlike any mode of illustration before. Not even a masterpiece painting possessed the lifelike and painfully truthful nature so capable of producing responses resembling human reactions to actual sight of people, things, places and situations. If (as described) pen and line illustrations and painting and sculpture evoked varied and often violent responses from especially the Church and State, photographs made both these Institutions more nervous still. Still today, photographs are feared by politicians. In South African Israeli and Chinese histories, not to speak of American and European ones, proves of  this ‘nervousness’ (to put it mildly!) can be found. Prohibitions against photographs testify directly to their power. Suppression works†¦ The existence of certain photographs in our own recent history have changed and re-directed the courses of whole nations. Likewise, the absence of photographs can have great consequences. This is illustrated by the following: In India, in 1946, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the leader of the then Moslem League, was diagnosed, through X-ray photography, as having severe tuberculosis. He had only about two or three years to live†¦ Yet, he swore his doctor to secrecy concerning the state of his health. The X-rays were locked away, and he continued his work towards the creation of the Moslem State of Pakistan, which he successfully accomplished in August of 1947. It is surmised that had his sickness become known (as borne out by the X-ray photographs) his political support might not have been strong enough to result in the establishment of Pakistan†¦ In this, the very late 20th century, we know full well (from first hand experience) the influence – both positive and negative – of photography. In fact: almost like an addict is under the influence of his drug, so are we (as Citizens of the World) under the constant, unrelenting influence of photographs. Photography came into a world that was already crazy about pictures and drove it positively ‘mad’. We have become collectively addicted. Photographs took up residence in our daily lives; they moved in, and they practically took over. It is now indeed impossible to imagine life without them†¦ Photographs sell newspapers and magazines. This is a truth that became evident already in 1842 with The Illustrated London News, the world’s first (at first non-photographic) illustrated magazine. It was a weekly magazine. Others followed in vast numbers, so that when photography arrived, the scene was already set for its use. Until the 1890’s, all of the illustrations were lithographs and engravings, but from about this time onwards, the halftone, and photography took over. In one week in 1899, The Illustrated London News carried twenty-eight photographs and only nineteen drawings. And this led to the inevitable happening: Photographs soon became superabundant, transient and superfluous, as, perhaps, some say, it still is today. A photograph has power only if the right people see it in the right context at the right time. It must answer some need, belief, and expectations of its times. If the audience is not ready for the message, the image may be seen, but the message will not be recognized. (Like telling a child about sex when he or she is too young to understand; they hear what their age permits, and ignore the rest!). Certain categories can be created corresponding to the types of photograph and what kind of influence they exert – revelation, proof, political persuasion, social reform, etc. – but these categories are not rigid and necessarily exclusive to a photograph of a different category. These are the suggested categories, as identified by Vicky Goldberg in her book, The Power of Photography (Goldberg, G. 1991. The power of photography. New York: Abbeville Press). 1. The photograph as a proof and witness. 2. The photograph as a revelation of discovery. 3. The photograph as a detective. 4. The photograph as a political tool. 5. The photograph as a recorder of fame and celebrity. 6. The photograph as an icon. 7.The photograph as a medium for social reform. 8.The photograph as catalyst. This lecture comes to you as an adaptation and very much condensed interpretation of the Introduction from the abovementioned book. Acknowledgement is hereby given. Also: See it as an introduction to Assignment 06. (Refer to the separate Assignment Briefing). I have scanned and converted to pdf my copy of the book. See the additional pdf document file titled ‘vic200s 2014_p09_additional’.

How to take a picture. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this report I will tell you how to take a good picture. The things you will need are a camera, a tripod, a light meter, a remote shutter control, computer, printer, printer paper, digital level and a good location.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing you will need to do is decide what you want to take a picture of. Take your camera, tripod, light meter, remote shutter control, and digital level with you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second thing you will need to do it set your camera up on your tripod. To do this you will need to take your camera and find the hole on the bottom. Next set the camera on the tripod. There should be a bolt on the tripod. Screw the bolt into the camera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once you have that done you will need to set up the tripods legs. You will need your Digital Level for this. Extend the tripod legs, and use your Digital Level to get your camera nice and level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that your camera is level you need to set up your remote shutter control. To do this, attach it to you camera’s shutter button. This will allow you to take a picture without bumping the camera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next you want to use your light meter to see what you want your aperture to be at. It depends on what your light is. If it’s really bright out, like if you were taking a picture of a sunset, you want a small aperture. But if it’s at night you want a big aperture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next decide the shutter speed. You can have many different effects based on how you set your shutter speed and aperture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now you can take you picture. What you want to do is focus on the object you are taking a picture of. This is very important to do RIGHT. If you don’t, your picture will come out blurry. So take your time while doing this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is to connect you camera to your computer. All you have to do is plug your USB cable into the camera. Once you’ve done that, a little window should pop up and ask you what you want to do. You should click on the button that says. â€Å"Download Pictures to PC† Once you do that they should download.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is cropping and printing your pictures.

Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway lived his life as he wanted. His writing touched the hearts of millions. His sentences were short and to the point but his novels strong and unforgettable. He wrote about what he felt like writing about. On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born. He was created by Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. His hometown was a small town named Oak Park. Oak Park was in Illinois. His father was a practicing doctor, and later taught him how to hunt and fish. His mother on the other hand had wished that he would become a professional musician. Hemingway did not like his mother and when he grew up he would call her "the old bitch". He grew up in a somewhat religious environment. He went to Oak Park and River Forest High School, which is where he realized his writing gift. Besides writing, other activities that he loved included swimming, and boxing. When he was18 years old he had an important decision to make he could either move to Kansas city, which was growing more and more every day, or he could go to collage. His final choice was that he would move to Kansas City. In Kansas City he got a job as a cub reporter on the Kansas City Star. At the train station his father, who latter on in Ernest's life would commit suicide which would totally disgust Ernest, kissed his son goodbye with tears in his eyes. This exact moment in time would be the soul purpose for a book he wrote called "For Whom the Bell Tolls". One of the reasons why he wrote that book is because he felt so much older than his father at that time that he could hardly bear it any longer. While he was at Kansas City he was quite and did not stand out much. He stayed to himself. He went through a little culture shock due to the fact that Kansas City was a lot more complex than Oak Hill was. His writing style was first introduced by the Star. His writing was brief, and to the point. His writing had to be like that at the time because he was a news writer, but he would carry that style over to fiction when the time came. In May of 1918, Hemingway wanted to join the Army but could not due to a defective left eye which he inherited from his mother.

Metaphor and Architecture

Metaphor and architectureMetaphor comes from Middle Frenchmetaphore ( Old Frenchmetafore, 13c. ) , and straight from Latinmetaphora, from Greekmetaphora † a transportation, † particularly of the sense of one word to a different word, literally â€Å" a carrying over, † frommetapherein † transportation, carry over ; alteration, alter ; to utilize a word in a unusual sense, † frommeta- † over, across † [ 1 ] .Using metaphors in architecture can be tricky at times as there is a really all right line between tacky and kitsch. This essay explore the application of corporal knowledge in architecture by utilizing metaphor and an first-class undertaking designed utilizing metaphor – Terragni’s Danteum which is a interlingual rendition of Dante’s Divine Comedy into architecture by beds of significance.From the debut, we get a little apprehension of what is metaphor. Before diging farther, we’ll explore metaphor more extens ively here. As we know in literature, metaphor is a medium in connoting things and objects that are different from each other but carries some similar feature between them. For illustration, ‘ Alice is a walk-to dictionary.’ ; this sentence does non intend that Alice is a dictionary but it means that she is so smart and knowing that she is like a dictionary that is ALIVE. In this instance, when we think about ‘dictionaries’ , vocabulary, book and cognition came into our head while ‘walking ‘ gives personification to the term ‘ walking dictionary’ . Arguably, Shakespeare has possibly the best usage of metaphor in his plants. In Sonnet 18, he uses summer as a metaphor for his love. From the above illustrations, we can see that the appropriate use of metaphor entreaties straight to the senses of the readers by heightening their imaginativeness. Therefore, metaphors give the readers fresh positions, thoughts and believing sing the topic .Barie Fez-Barringten one time quotedâ€Å"Metaphor is a accelerator which fuses memories, experiences and other manner of being ; it embodies within its ain peculiarity certain cosmopolitan symbols and constructs common to mankind. Metaphorically things, times and topographic points known to hold a discriminatory particular or localized usage in one context are explicitly employed in another. One familiar and one unusual term are normally composed into a individual signifier where one term usually used in one context is brought over into another with the usage of illuminating ; doing more apparent something in the 2nd sphere which otherwise remains obscure.†However, the inquiry sing how metaphor and architecture relates still remained unreciprocated. How can we plan with metaphor? Metaphors can raise senses such as sound, gustatory sensation, odor, touch and sight to the readers. Interestingly, there is a research sing corporal knowledge in Psychology which suggests that the senses mentioned earlier influences the manner worlds make opinions of the external universe. Now we can see how senses and corporal knowledge are connected to each other. By utilizing metaphors, we can determine and change the experiences of the people in our architecture by raising their senses.White, M.A one time quotedâ€Å"In fact, the relationship between physical experience and idea is a cardinal component in cognitive linguistics† . He besides said that the physical interaction of the bodily human being with his/her environment plays a major function in authorising adult male to build abstract idea.From the diagram above, we can see some touch senses and how people think and feel sing them. Let’s take an illustration, Light gives a feeling of insouciant, fun, high-tech, inexpensive, delicate.We can easy place architecture that relates closely to some of the properties mentioned above – SANNA – Rolex larning Centre.From the image above, we can see how white gives the edifice a futuristic feeling. The really fact that the edifice has an organic form and ‘not touching the ground’ gives an air of high tech magnificence. Although it doesn’t gives a inexpensive vibration, the slim and long columns and all other simple item decidedly makes it really delicate. The slender column back uping the roof, the form, the coloring material strategy made the undertaking really elegant. On the other manus, Heavy gives a feeling of importance, valuable and seriousness. We don’t even necessitate a specific illustration for this as it has ever been around us. We can frequently happen memorials around us which are normally made or built with rocks, marbles and concrete. In United States, the White House and Pentagon in a manner convey the political and military art of the state. Our really ain Cardiff University Main edifice is a really good illustration that gives people feeling of importance, valuable and earnestness. In fact, a batch of old political and educational establishment edifice shows weightiness and in most instances they are masonry edifice. The ‘heavy’ isn’t merely the physical weightiness as in weight, but besides the metaphysical solemn vibration that these edifices relay to the people. This clearly proved that the surveies about corporal knowledge is true, the head and the organic structure is inseparable.Continuing from the last paragraph, we can briefly mentioned the connexion of the senses – Light and Heavy to the stuffs used. As mentioned above, most old political and educational establishments are masonry edifices. Materials besides play an of import portion in raising senses. Let’s take an illustration, concrete.Coach: What type of stuff are you traveling to utilize?Student: Concrete.Coach: What type of concrete? There are tonss of types of concrete, from how you cast the concrete to the composing of the stuffs in the concrete mixture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .I believe this is a instead common conversation between a coach and a pupil everyplace around the universe. At least, this conversation was my really ain experience during tutorial, and my coach has been teasing me to make up one's mind the type of concrete I want to utilize for hebdomads. A image speaks a 1000 words, so the undermentioned images would do the treatment easier to understand.The first image shows the church of visible radiation by Tadao Ando while the 2nd images shows the Brother Klaus Field Chapel by Peter Zumpthor. They are both churches and the stuff used are concrete. I think we can see how different they are. Being inside the church of Light and Brother Klaus Field certainly give the visitants wholly different feelings, we can see the importance of stuff, non merely the pick of stuff ( glass, steel or concrete ) but besides how we are handling the stuffs.The dramatis personae affects the textures ( smooth or unsmooth ) . The composing of t he concrete mixture affects the coloring material, texture and ‘heaviness’ of the concrete. All these small inside informations are things that designers can make up one's mind, and this determination plays a critical function in making the ambiance and raising the senses of the people utilizing the edifice.Forty, A. one time said that â€Å"Successful metaphors rely on the dissimilitude of things, non upon their similitude. The feature of an effectual metaphor is it borrows an image from one scheme of thoughts, and applies it to another, antecedently unrelated scheme.With the decision on the relationship between metaphor and architecture, we are traveling to analyze a undertaking called The Danteum. The use of metaphor in architecture has been taken to a whole new degree in Danteum. Although it was ne'er built, it is decidedly a undertaking worth analyzing. What makes Danteum successful is the beds of significances that surrounds the undertaking.Danteum is an unfulfil led undertaking commissioned by Mussolini’s Fascist government.At that clip Italy was ruled by Musolini. In order to set Italy back on the universe map as one of the strongest state, Mussolini for a literary chef-d'oeuvre of Italy’s olympian and canonized yesteryear as a representation of Italy’s illustriousness and asked Terragni to plan a memorial for Dante’s Divine Comedy. Danteum was ne'er built due to the diminution of mussolini’s power during World War II. The edifices take the visitant through a sequence of 3 different kingdoms: Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Divine comedy can be interpreted into several distinguishable degrees as it is interlaced with the physical, societal, political and historical system.Terragni takes the visitants through different brushs in his proposal. There are four primary constituent in the Danteum: The entryway tribunal, Inferno, Purgatory and Paradiso.The image above shows the circulation way that can be taken. The visitant enters a long narrow tract and would hold to do a u bend into the courtyard. The atmosphere alterations from a more restricted infinite to a more unfastened infinite in the courtyard. However, the infinite diminishes once more as the visitant advancement from the tribunal to the wood of columns so to the three stairss. As the visitants pass through the columns and down some stairss, the sum of visible radiation in the infinites easy diminishes every bit good till they reach Inferno. The Inferno which is in a form of a aureate rectangle can be decomposed into seven squares with different floor highs. This is rather different to a conventional edifice where the walls are those that are changed ( holding window, nothingness or gaps of different tallness and size ) . The hell has a dark inside with light coming in through the narrow spreads. Then, the visitants would hold to travel up a series of stepss that leads to Purgatory which is a reminiscent of the abbreviate d conelike mountain island holding seven valances. From here, the infinite becomes brighter as they proceed from Purgatory to Paradiso. Part of Paradiso ( upper portion of Paradiso in floor program ) extends to the Empyrean while the other side leads to the issues.The ambiance in hell[ 2 ] Inferno[ 3 ] ParadisoDanteum is designed with compositional, numerical and descriptive properties from The Divine Comedy that form the plan of the undertaking. The spacial administration of Danteum adheres closely to the verse form. Alternatively of utilizing a actual interlingual rendition on The Divine Comedy, Terragni delved deeper into history and other metaphorical elements to connote elusive narrative of the verse form. In the image below, you can see how Danteum’s floor program is based on the Golden Section which was popular after the Renaissance period. There is 2 squares overlapping and shifted off from each other to organize a Golden Rectangle. This forms the margin of Danteum an d creates a threshold between the 3 kingdoms. The usage of Golden Section as a proportioning system besides generates the placement of the columns which is more obvious in the Inferno. The hell is decomposed into 7 squares where the columns were placed at the centre of a nested square within the Golden Section. The Columns besides diminishes in size, gyrating along the Golden Section. On the other manus, the columns in the courtyard are of the same size and array upon a square grid. The handling of columns in Danteum is unconventional in the modernist motion where the wall defines the kingdom while the columns dance in infinite which is different with the modernist motion.[ 4 ] Floor Plan and Golden SectionThe numerical properties of the Divine Comedy plays a immense portion in Danteum’s design. It besides influences the columns in Danteum where they denote the abstract construction of the verse form. There are 100 cantos in the verse form and therefore there are besides 100 columns in the Danteum.In the verse form, the imaginations of the kingdoms were described through topological constructions. The Northern hemisphere had landmass with Jerusalem at the centre whereas the Southern Hemisphere is covered with H2O. The hell – snake pit was created when Lucifer was thrown out of Eden when dramatis personae in the deepness of fire.This image shows the subdivision cutting across Inferno and purgatory. ( Inferno on the left, Purgatory on the right ) . Notice how Inferno is lower than the Purgatory? Since in the verse form, creative activity of Inferno is the ground why Purgatory is formed, mass of Earth from hell is transferred to Purgatory doing Inferno lowest portion of the kingdom ( snake pit is the lowest ) , back uping the Purgatory with mass from Inferno ( Inferno as a foundation of Purgatory ) . Purgatory is described as a mountain surrounded by H2O. The mass from Inferno made Purgatory into a ‘physical mountain’ surrounded by H2O ( As mentioned before, the South hemisphere is covered with H2O ) .Paradiso is the 3rd room sitting above the 100 columns ( the hundred columns is a metaphor for dante’s wood with light filtrating through the glass block above merely like how light is filtered by the foliages in the wood ) . It is constructed with grid construction, with 33 glass columns. The floor, beams, roof are all made from glass. The contemplation and refraction of visible radiation off the glass surface gave Paradiso a Ethereal feeling that one can easy associate and conceive of when one idea about Eden. The stuff pick for Paradiso made it a really light compared to the other relams. ( Refer to floor program ) , note that there is 9 circles in the center of Paradiso, the 9 circles are really glass columns stand foring the 9 domains environing the Earth, and beyond that sits the concluding place of God. In Paradiso, psyches are entitled a particular sphere harmonizing to their virtues.On the other manus , the 7 squares in Purgatory represent the salvation of the seven wickednesss. The roof has comparatively big nothingnesss to allow light into the infinite compared to Inferno. In the subdivision, observe how the land degree for Inferno is uneven and the slabs supported by the columns are non connected leting visible radiation to slice through the roof, they convey the rough landscape on Earth in a more utmost signifier harmonizing to Terragni’s text â€Å"The esthesis of the at hand, of nothingness formed under the crust of Earth and through a awful seismal upset caused by the autumn of Lucifer’ .BibliographySchumacher, Thomas L. , Terragni ‘s Danteum,2neodymiumedn ( Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press,1993 )Kanekar, Aarti, Metaphor in Morphic Language ( London: UCL,2009 ) Schnall, S. Are at that place basic metaphors? ( 2013 ) . In M. J. Landau, M. D. Robinson & A ; B. P. Meier ( Eds. ) , The power of metaphor: Analyzing its influence on societal life.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.1hypertext transfer protocol: //www.etymonline.com/index.php? term=metaphor