Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Human resource management - Essay Example Corporate culture affects a business and its workers in different ways so that workers become more creative and innovative. According to Hawken and Lovins (1999), a business that functions as a learning organization, rewarding measurement, monitoring continuous improvement always outpaces a corporate culture. A strong corporate culture provides a sense of identity for its employees so that they feel as part of the firm. A sound corporate culture can help form a effective teamwork among its workers. Corporate culture encourages workers to become more committed to the business and as a result industrial relation or high labor turn-over problems can be solved. Corporate culture contributes employee motivation that in turn increases the productivity of the employees. The corporate strategy can be used by managers as a measure to control managerial activities and to shape employee behavior and attitude towards the business. The researchers have found that strong corporate culture often damage company performances and its effectiveness in operation (Lowney, 2003, p. 209). People in a group or organization may be different in expressing values, rites or symbols and hence there can be subcultures within a corporate culture. The corporate culture can be ‘integrated, or differentiated or fragmented. The integration perspective of corporate culture is a unitary in which culture is shared and it would be unambiguous. The differentiation perspective is one in which culture forms in different ways. In fragmentation perspective, there would be little consensus between the workers in an organization regarding what is their culture. â€Å"Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal† (Northouse, 2009, p. 3) Leadership is the process of guiding the behavior of other people towards attaining organizational objectives. Leadership causes subordinates to behave in a particular

Social Imapct of Photography Essay Example for Free

Social Imapct of Photography Essay In politics, images have always made governments very nervous because of their powerfully persuasive and propagandistic potentialities. (In 1835 – before photography – the Emperor Louis-Philippe banned caricatures, describing them as ‘acts of violence’ too dangerous to go unchecked†¦) Then along came the photographic image: swift, visceral, intense, realistic, and clothed in an authenticity unlike any mode of illustration before. Not even a masterpiece painting possessed the lifelike and painfully truthful nature so capable of producing responses resembling human reactions to actual sight of people, things, places and situations. If (as described) pen and line illustrations and painting and sculpture evoked varied and often violent responses from especially the Church and State, photographs made both these Institutions more nervous still. Still today, photographs are feared by politicians. In South African Israeli and Chinese histories, not to speak of American and European ones, proves of  this ‘nervousness’ (to put it mildly!) can be found. Prohibitions against photographs testify directly to their power. Suppression works†¦ The existence of certain photographs in our own recent history have changed and re-directed the courses of whole nations. Likewise, the absence of photographs can have great consequences. This is illustrated by the following: In India, in 1946, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the leader of the then Moslem League, was diagnosed, through X-ray photography, as having severe tuberculosis. He had only about two or three years to live†¦ Yet, he swore his doctor to secrecy concerning the state of his health. The X-rays were locked away, and he continued his work towards the creation of the Moslem State of Pakistan, which he successfully accomplished in August of 1947. It is surmised that had his sickness become known (as borne out by the X-ray photographs) his political support might not have been strong enough to result in the establishment of Pakistan†¦ In this, the very late 20th century, we know full well (from first hand experience) the influence – both positive and negative – of photography. In fact: almost like an addict is under the influence of his drug, so are we (as Citizens of the World) under the constant, unrelenting influence of photographs. Photography came into a world that was already crazy about pictures and drove it positively ‘mad’. We have become collectively addicted. Photographs took up residence in our daily lives; they moved in, and they practically took over. It is now indeed impossible to imagine life without them†¦ Photographs sell newspapers and magazines. This is a truth that became evident already in 1842 with The Illustrated London News, the world’s first (at first non-photographic) illustrated magazine. It was a weekly magazine. Others followed in vast numbers, so that when photography arrived, the scene was already set for its use. Until the 1890’s, all of the illustrations were lithographs and engravings, but from about this time onwards, the halftone, and photography took over. In one week in 1899, The Illustrated London News carried twenty-eight photographs and only nineteen drawings. And this led to the inevitable happening: Photographs soon became superabundant, transient and superfluous, as, perhaps, some say, it still is today. A photograph has power only if the right people see it in the right context at the right time. It must answer some need, belief, and expectations of its times. If the audience is not ready for the message, the image may be seen, but the message will not be recognized. (Like telling a child about sex when he or she is too young to understand; they hear what their age permits, and ignore the rest!). Certain categories can be created corresponding to the types of photograph and what kind of influence they exert – revelation, proof, political persuasion, social reform, etc. – but these categories are not rigid and necessarily exclusive to a photograph of a different category. These are the suggested categories, as identified by Vicky Goldberg in her book, The Power of Photography (Goldberg, G. 1991. The power of photography. New York: Abbeville Press). 1. The photograph as a proof and witness. 2. The photograph as a revelation of discovery. 3. The photograph as a detective. 4. The photograph as a political tool. 5. The photograph as a recorder of fame and celebrity. 6. The photograph as an icon. 7.The photograph as a medium for social reform. 8.The photograph as catalyst. This lecture comes to you as an adaptation and very much condensed interpretation of the Introduction from the abovementioned book. Acknowledgement is hereby given. Also: See it as an introduction to Assignment 06. (Refer to the separate Assignment Briefing). I have scanned and converted to pdf my copy of the book. See the additional pdf document file titled ‘vic200s 2014_p09_additional’.

How to take a picture. :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this report I will tell you how to take a good picture. The things you will need are a camera, a tripod, a light meter, a remote shutter control, computer, printer, printer paper, digital level and a good location.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing you will need to do is decide what you want to take a picture of. Take your camera, tripod, light meter, remote shutter control, and digital level with you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second thing you will need to do it set your camera up on your tripod. To do this you will need to take your camera and find the hole on the bottom. Next set the camera on the tripod. There should be a bolt on the tripod. Screw the bolt into the camera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once you have that done you will need to set up the tripods legs. You will need your Digital Level for this. Extend the tripod legs, and use your Digital Level to get your camera nice and level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that your camera is level you need to set up your remote shutter control. To do this, attach it to you camera’s shutter button. This will allow you to take a picture without bumping the camera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next you want to use your light meter to see what you want your aperture to be at. It depends on what your light is. If it’s really bright out, like if you were taking a picture of a sunset, you want a small aperture. But if it’s at night you want a big aperture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next decide the shutter speed. You can have many different effects based on how you set your shutter speed and aperture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now you can take you picture. What you want to do is focus on the object you are taking a picture of. This is very important to do RIGHT. If you don’t, your picture will come out blurry. So take your time while doing this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is to connect you camera to your computer. All you have to do is plug your USB cable into the camera. Once you’ve done that, a little window should pop up and ask you what you want to do. You should click on the button that says. â€Å"Download Pictures to PC† Once you do that they should download.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is cropping and printing your pictures.

Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway lived his life as he wanted. His writing touched the hearts of millions. His sentences were short and to the point but his novels strong and unforgettable. He wrote about what he felt like writing about. On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born. He was created by Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. His hometown was a small town named Oak Park. Oak Park was in Illinois. His father was a practicing doctor, and later taught him how to hunt and fish. His mother on the other hand had wished that he would become a professional musician. Hemingway did not like his mother and when he grew up he would call her "the old bitch". He grew up in a somewhat religious environment. He went to Oak Park and River Forest High School, which is where he realized his writing gift. Besides writing, other activities that he loved included swimming, and boxing. When he was18 years old he had an important decision to make he could either move to Kansas city, which was growing more and more every day, or he could go to collage. His final choice was that he would move to Kansas City. In Kansas City he got a job as a cub reporter on the Kansas City Star. At the train station his father, who latter on in Ernest's life would commit suicide which would totally disgust Ernest, kissed his son goodbye with tears in his eyes. This exact moment in time would be the soul purpose for a book he wrote called "For Whom the Bell Tolls". One of the reasons why he wrote that book is because he felt so much older than his father at that time that he could hardly bear it any longer. While he was at Kansas City he was quite and did not stand out much. He stayed to himself. He went through a little culture shock due to the fact that Kansas City was a lot more complex than Oak Hill was. His writing style was first introduced by the Star. His writing was brief, and to the point. His writing had to be like that at the time because he was a news writer, but he would carry that style over to fiction when the time came. In May of 1918, Hemingway wanted to join the Army but could not due to a defective left eye which he inherited from his mother.

Metaphor and Architecture

Metaphor and architectureMetaphor comes from Middle Frenchmetaphore ( Old Frenchmetafore, 13c. ) , and straight from Latinmetaphora, from Greekmetaphora † a transportation, † particularly of the sense of one word to a different word, literally â€Å" a carrying over, † frommetapherein † transportation, carry over ; alteration, alter ; to utilize a word in a unusual sense, † frommeta- † over, across † [ 1 ] .Using metaphors in architecture can be tricky at times as there is a really all right line between tacky and kitsch. This essay explore the application of corporal knowledge in architecture by utilizing metaphor and an first-class undertaking designed utilizing metaphor – Terragni’s Danteum which is a interlingual rendition of Dante’s Divine Comedy into architecture by beds of significance.From the debut, we get a little apprehension of what is metaphor. Before diging farther, we’ll explore metaphor more extens ively here. As we know in literature, metaphor is a medium in connoting things and objects that are different from each other but carries some similar feature between them. For illustration, ‘ Alice is a walk-to dictionary.’ ; this sentence does non intend that Alice is a dictionary but it means that she is so smart and knowing that she is like a dictionary that is ALIVE. In this instance, when we think about ‘dictionaries’ , vocabulary, book and cognition came into our head while ‘walking ‘ gives personification to the term ‘ walking dictionary’ . Arguably, Shakespeare has possibly the best usage of metaphor in his plants. In Sonnet 18, he uses summer as a metaphor for his love. From the above illustrations, we can see that the appropriate use of metaphor entreaties straight to the senses of the readers by heightening their imaginativeness. Therefore, metaphors give the readers fresh positions, thoughts and believing sing the topic .Barie Fez-Barringten one time quotedâ€Å"Metaphor is a accelerator which fuses memories, experiences and other manner of being ; it embodies within its ain peculiarity certain cosmopolitan symbols and constructs common to mankind. Metaphorically things, times and topographic points known to hold a discriminatory particular or localized usage in one context are explicitly employed in another. One familiar and one unusual term are normally composed into a individual signifier where one term usually used in one context is brought over into another with the usage of illuminating ; doing more apparent something in the 2nd sphere which otherwise remains obscure.†However, the inquiry sing how metaphor and architecture relates still remained unreciprocated. How can we plan with metaphor? Metaphors can raise senses such as sound, gustatory sensation, odor, touch and sight to the readers. Interestingly, there is a research sing corporal knowledge in Psychology which suggests that the senses mentioned earlier influences the manner worlds make opinions of the external universe. Now we can see how senses and corporal knowledge are connected to each other. By utilizing metaphors, we can determine and change the experiences of the people in our architecture by raising their senses.White, M.A one time quotedâ€Å"In fact, the relationship between physical experience and idea is a cardinal component in cognitive linguistics† . He besides said that the physical interaction of the bodily human being with his/her environment plays a major function in authorising adult male to build abstract idea.From the diagram above, we can see some touch senses and how people think and feel sing them. Let’s take an illustration, Light gives a feeling of insouciant, fun, high-tech, inexpensive, delicate.We can easy place architecture that relates closely to some of the properties mentioned above – SANNA – Rolex larning Centre.From the image above, we can see how white gives the edifice a futuristic feeling. The really fact that the edifice has an organic form and ‘not touching the ground’ gives an air of high tech magnificence. Although it doesn’t gives a inexpensive vibration, the slim and long columns and all other simple item decidedly makes it really delicate. The slender column back uping the roof, the form, the coloring material strategy made the undertaking really elegant. On the other manus, Heavy gives a feeling of importance, valuable and seriousness. We don’t even necessitate a specific illustration for this as it has ever been around us. We can frequently happen memorials around us which are normally made or built with rocks, marbles and concrete. In United States, the White House and Pentagon in a manner convey the political and military art of the state. Our really ain Cardiff University Main edifice is a really good illustration that gives people feeling of importance, valuable and earnestness. In fact, a batch of old political and educational establishment edifice shows weightiness and in most instances they are masonry edifice. The ‘heavy’ isn’t merely the physical weightiness as in weight, but besides the metaphysical solemn vibration that these edifices relay to the people. This clearly proved that the surveies about corporal knowledge is true, the head and the organic structure is inseparable.Continuing from the last paragraph, we can briefly mentioned the connexion of the senses – Light and Heavy to the stuffs used. As mentioned above, most old political and educational establishments are masonry edifices. Materials besides play an of import portion in raising senses. Let’s take an illustration, concrete.Coach: What type of stuff are you traveling to utilize?Student: Concrete.Coach: What type of concrete? There are tonss of types of concrete, from how you cast the concrete to the composing of the stuffs in the concrete mixture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .I believe this is a instead common conversation between a coach and a pupil everyplace around the universe. At least, this conversation was my really ain experience during tutorial, and my coach has been teasing me to make up one's mind the type of concrete I want to utilize for hebdomads. A image speaks a 1000 words, so the undermentioned images would do the treatment easier to understand.The first image shows the church of visible radiation by Tadao Ando while the 2nd images shows the Brother Klaus Field Chapel by Peter Zumpthor. They are both churches and the stuff used are concrete. I think we can see how different they are. Being inside the church of Light and Brother Klaus Field certainly give the visitants wholly different feelings, we can see the importance of stuff, non merely the pick of stuff ( glass, steel or concrete ) but besides how we are handling the stuffs.The dramatis personae affects the textures ( smooth or unsmooth ) . The composing of t he concrete mixture affects the coloring material, texture and ‘heaviness’ of the concrete. All these small inside informations are things that designers can make up one's mind, and this determination plays a critical function in making the ambiance and raising the senses of the people utilizing the edifice.Forty, A. one time said that â€Å"Successful metaphors rely on the dissimilitude of things, non upon their similitude. The feature of an effectual metaphor is it borrows an image from one scheme of thoughts, and applies it to another, antecedently unrelated scheme.With the decision on the relationship between metaphor and architecture, we are traveling to analyze a undertaking called The Danteum. The use of metaphor in architecture has been taken to a whole new degree in Danteum. Although it was ne'er built, it is decidedly a undertaking worth analyzing. What makes Danteum successful is the beds of significances that surrounds the undertaking.Danteum is an unfulfil led undertaking commissioned by Mussolini’s Fascist government.At that clip Italy was ruled by Musolini. In order to set Italy back on the universe map as one of the strongest state, Mussolini for a literary chef-d'oeuvre of Italy’s olympian and canonized yesteryear as a representation of Italy’s illustriousness and asked Terragni to plan a memorial for Dante’s Divine Comedy. Danteum was ne'er built due to the diminution of mussolini’s power during World War II. The edifices take the visitant through a sequence of 3 different kingdoms: Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Divine comedy can be interpreted into several distinguishable degrees as it is interlaced with the physical, societal, political and historical system.Terragni takes the visitants through different brushs in his proposal. There are four primary constituent in the Danteum: The entryway tribunal, Inferno, Purgatory and Paradiso.The image above shows the circulation way that can be taken. The visitant enters a long narrow tract and would hold to do a u bend into the courtyard. The atmosphere alterations from a more restricted infinite to a more unfastened infinite in the courtyard. However, the infinite diminishes once more as the visitant advancement from the tribunal to the wood of columns so to the three stairss. As the visitants pass through the columns and down some stairss, the sum of visible radiation in the infinites easy diminishes every bit good till they reach Inferno. The Inferno which is in a form of a aureate rectangle can be decomposed into seven squares with different floor highs. This is rather different to a conventional edifice where the walls are those that are changed ( holding window, nothingness or gaps of different tallness and size ) . The hell has a dark inside with light coming in through the narrow spreads. Then, the visitants would hold to travel up a series of stepss that leads to Purgatory which is a reminiscent of the abbreviate d conelike mountain island holding seven valances. From here, the infinite becomes brighter as they proceed from Purgatory to Paradiso. Part of Paradiso ( upper portion of Paradiso in floor program ) extends to the Empyrean while the other side leads to the issues.The ambiance in hell[ 2 ] Inferno[ 3 ] ParadisoDanteum is designed with compositional, numerical and descriptive properties from The Divine Comedy that form the plan of the undertaking. The spacial administration of Danteum adheres closely to the verse form. Alternatively of utilizing a actual interlingual rendition on The Divine Comedy, Terragni delved deeper into history and other metaphorical elements to connote elusive narrative of the verse form. In the image below, you can see how Danteum’s floor program is based on the Golden Section which was popular after the Renaissance period. There is 2 squares overlapping and shifted off from each other to organize a Golden Rectangle. This forms the margin of Danteum an d creates a threshold between the 3 kingdoms. The usage of Golden Section as a proportioning system besides generates the placement of the columns which is more obvious in the Inferno. The hell is decomposed into 7 squares where the columns were placed at the centre of a nested square within the Golden Section. The Columns besides diminishes in size, gyrating along the Golden Section. On the other manus, the columns in the courtyard are of the same size and array upon a square grid. The handling of columns in Danteum is unconventional in the modernist motion where the wall defines the kingdom while the columns dance in infinite which is different with the modernist motion.[ 4 ] Floor Plan and Golden SectionThe numerical properties of the Divine Comedy plays a immense portion in Danteum’s design. It besides influences the columns in Danteum where they denote the abstract construction of the verse form. There are 100 cantos in the verse form and therefore there are besides 100 columns in the Danteum.In the verse form, the imaginations of the kingdoms were described through topological constructions. The Northern hemisphere had landmass with Jerusalem at the centre whereas the Southern Hemisphere is covered with H2O. The hell – snake pit was created when Lucifer was thrown out of Eden when dramatis personae in the deepness of fire.This image shows the subdivision cutting across Inferno and purgatory. ( Inferno on the left, Purgatory on the right ) . Notice how Inferno is lower than the Purgatory? Since in the verse form, creative activity of Inferno is the ground why Purgatory is formed, mass of Earth from hell is transferred to Purgatory doing Inferno lowest portion of the kingdom ( snake pit is the lowest ) , back uping the Purgatory with mass from Inferno ( Inferno as a foundation of Purgatory ) . Purgatory is described as a mountain surrounded by H2O. The mass from Inferno made Purgatory into a ‘physical mountain’ surrounded by H2O ( As mentioned before, the South hemisphere is covered with H2O ) .Paradiso is the 3rd room sitting above the 100 columns ( the hundred columns is a metaphor for dante’s wood with light filtrating through the glass block above merely like how light is filtered by the foliages in the wood ) . It is constructed with grid construction, with 33 glass columns. The floor, beams, roof are all made from glass. The contemplation and refraction of visible radiation off the glass surface gave Paradiso a Ethereal feeling that one can easy associate and conceive of when one idea about Eden. The stuff pick for Paradiso made it a really light compared to the other relams. ( Refer to floor program ) , note that there is 9 circles in the center of Paradiso, the 9 circles are really glass columns stand foring the 9 domains environing the Earth, and beyond that sits the concluding place of God. In Paradiso, psyches are entitled a particular sphere harmonizing to their virtues.On the other manus , the 7 squares in Purgatory represent the salvation of the seven wickednesss. The roof has comparatively big nothingnesss to allow light into the infinite compared to Inferno. In the subdivision, observe how the land degree for Inferno is uneven and the slabs supported by the columns are non connected leting visible radiation to slice through the roof, they convey the rough landscape on Earth in a more utmost signifier harmonizing to Terragni’s text â€Å"The esthesis of the at hand, of nothingness formed under the crust of Earth and through a awful seismal upset caused by the autumn of Lucifer’ .BibliographySchumacher, Thomas L. , Terragni ‘s Danteum,2neodymiumedn ( Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press,1993 )Kanekar, Aarti, Metaphor in Morphic Language ( London: UCL,2009 ) Schnall, S. Are at that place basic metaphors? ( 2013 ) . In M. J. Landau, M. D. Robinson & A ; B. P. Meier ( Eds. ) , The power of metaphor: Analyzing its influence on societal life.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.1hypertext transfer protocol: //www.etymonline.com/index.php? term=metaphor

Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie

During the 60’s and 70’s, blacks were struggling for civil rights, and equal opportunities. In the late 60’s a movement was formed â€Å"The Black Panthers† called for the reform of American society to achieve social, political, and economic equality, based on principles of socialism. The political party shock up the 60’s, tired of police brutality and uncivil treatment as human beings. Heuy P. Newton and Booby Seale formed a Party in Oakland, California. The movement gained political attention and migrated around America. The Panthers patrolled the black communities with symbolic berets, firearms, black hats, and black leather jackets. They were recognized as militant and courageous Afro-American Nationalist. (Panther, (1995) Dir. Mario Peebles with Kadeem Hardison, Courtney Vance) The members expanded their services: providing free breakfast for children, clothes, and funded education for poor children. By the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. During this political movement hundreds of the Panthers were killed by the FBI, and county policemen. The Panthers efficiently eliminated by the FBI, majority went to jail for crimes that were made up, others were killed execution style. Some of the Panthers still remain Political Prisoner’s, some are professors at University, and others became a victim to drug addiction. One of the most popular drugs was crack cocaine. Crack sabotaged the black communities, in which the Panthers struggled to liberate. (marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/) In April 1969, the Panther 21 case, a jury acquitted New York Party members who has been charged with arson, conspiracy, and attempted murder, for allegedly plotting police assassinations and attempting to blow up public buildings. One of the Panther 21’s was Afeni Shakur. Afeni Shakur joined the political Party ... Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie Free Essays on Tupac Vs. Biggie During the 60’s and 70’s, blacks were struggling for civil rights, and equal opportunities. In the late 60’s a movement was formed â€Å"The Black Panthers† called for the reform of American society to achieve social, political, and economic equality, based on principles of socialism. The political party shock up the 60’s, tired of police brutality and uncivil treatment as human beings. Heuy P. Newton and Booby Seale formed a Party in Oakland, California. The movement gained political attention and migrated around America. The Panthers patrolled the black communities with symbolic berets, firearms, black hats, and black leather jackets. They were recognized as militant and courageous Afro-American Nationalist. (Panther, (1995) Dir. Mario Peebles with Kadeem Hardison, Courtney Vance) The members expanded their services: providing free breakfast for children, clothes, and funded education for poor children. By the end of the year, the Panthers set up kitchens in cities across the nation, feeding over 10,000 children every day before they went to school. During this political movement hundreds of the Panthers were killed by the FBI, and county policemen. The Panthers efficiently eliminated by the FBI, majority went to jail for crimes that were made up, others were killed execution style. Some of the Panthers still remain Political Prisoner’s, some are professors at University, and others became a victim to drug addiction. One of the most popular drugs was crack cocaine. Crack sabotaged the black communities, in which the Panthers struggled to liberate. (marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/) In April 1969, the Panther 21 case, a jury acquitted New York Party members who has been charged with arson, conspiracy, and attempted murder, for allegedly plotting police assassinations and attempting to blow up public buildings. One of the Panther 21’s was Afeni Shakur. Afeni Shakur joined the political Party ...

How to Convert Celcius to Farenheit (°C to °F)

How to Convert Celcius to Farenheit ( °C to  °F) Youre looking to convert Celcius to Fahrenheit. While youll give your answer in  °C to  °F, you should know the temperature scales are Celsius and Fahrenheit. It doesnt matter for your final answer, but if youre ever expected to spell out the names, its good to know. The conversion is really easy: Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula Multiply the  °C temperature by 1.8. Add 32 to this number. This the answer in  °F.   Ã‚ °F   ( °C Ãâ€"  9/5) 32 Its just as easy to convert Fahrenheit to Celcius;  °C   ( °F − 32) x  5/9 Example  °C  to  °F Conversion For example, to convert 26 °C to  Ã‚ °F (the temperature of a warm day):   Ã‚ °F   ( °C Ãâ€"  9/5) 32   Ã‚ °F   (26 Ãâ€"  9/5) 32  °F   (46.8) 32  °F   78.8 ° F Table of  °C  and  Ã‚ °F Temperature Conversions Sometimes its good to just look up important temperatures, like body temperature, the freezing point and boiling point of water, etc. Here are some common important temperatures, in both Celsius (the metric scale) and Fahrenheit (the US temperature scale):  °C  °F Description -40 -40 This is where Celsius equals Fahrenheit. It's the temperature of an extremely cold day. −18 0 An average cold winter day. 0 32 The freezing point of water. 10 50 A cool day. 21 70 A typical room temperature. 30 86 A hot day. 37 98.6 Body temperature. 40 104 Bath water temperature. 100 212 Boiling point of water at sea level. 180 356 Baking temperature in an oven. Bold temperatures are exact values. Other temperatures are close but rounded to the nearest degree. Key Points Celsius and Fahrenheit are two important temperature scales that are commonly misspelled as Celcius and Farenheit.The formula to find a Celsius temperature from Fahrenheit is:  Ã‚  Ã‚ °F   ( °C  Ãƒâ€"  9/5) 32The formula to find a Fahrenheit temperature from Celsius is:  Ã‚  Ã‚ °F   ( °C Ãâ€"  9/5) 32The two temperature scales are equal at -40 °.

Valedictory Speech Essay Example

Valedictory Speech Essay Example Valedictory Speech Paper Valedictory Speech Paper We studied in Great Mercy Academy so we could be equipped with adequate knowledge and skills in preparation for important roles we have to play in society someday, and most specially, to turn into reality the prophecy of our national hero, that we, indeed can be the hope of our beloved country, The Philippines. Now, I could simply say that we are empowered and productive student that could face new challenges towards new horizon. For I believe, that we are now equipped of all the things we need based from the experiences and trainings we had undergone from our Alma Mater. My dear co-graduates, the first step has men successful. Aka nag, the roots of education is bitter, but the fruit it bears IS very sweet. The journey is long and laden with thorns but our accomplishments in this school are very rewarding. The patience and dedication each of us has shown throughout our 6 years in the elementary are those what made us heroes like Jose Racial. Our graduation today is the first of the series of accomplishments that we will surely achieve with the guidance of our parents and people around us. Everything in this world has a beginning. In our case, we have just accomplished the beginning. We have started the first right move. Hence, there is no reason why we should fail in our future undertakings. Of course, we will not have been able to reach this stage without the people who helped us and who, without any reservations and expecting nothing in return, guided us in our quest for knowledge. To them, we owe a lot of gratitude. No amount of words can fully express how much we appreciate what they have done for us. We just hope that we will be able to compensate for all their sacrifices. To our dear teachers who taught us not only the lesson in the book but also taught us lessons in real life, we are most thankful to Mrs.. Angelina Leafy, our adviser who is very supportive to us; Mr.. Keen Garcia who molded our hidden talents into reality, especially in dancing; Ms. Jocosely Descartes, our Home Ionics teacher who taught us the basics of home life; Ms. Connie Jimenez, our Science and MARE teacher who supported us since we were grade 5 until our graduation today; Mrs.. Emily Castro, our Filipino teacher who guided us in our studies and to Ms. Lira Christie Omaha, the lovely teacher of Naps. We are very thankful to all of you. To our parents, who are always beside us since our first day in school, w share with you our first taste of victory. There will be more years of struggle. But we are confident that we will triumph because we have parents like you. We cannot give financial or material things at this point. We can only give you the joy, happiness, and respect that you deserve. Thank you for being responsible parents to us. We shall not be here in this worlds without you. We know the sacrifices you made just to send to send us to school. To this, we are very grateful. To papa and Mama, Tatty. Anovel, mommy, please raise. I have witnessed your sacrifices and struggles in rearing me. Thank you very much. High school life is the first step in our ladder of success. We do not know what will happen next. But if we have an aim, a goal, it will make our dreams come true.

Pick 5 short stories and write 5 responds ( each just have to be one Essay

Pick 5 short stories and write 5 responds ( each just have to be one page) - Essay Example From the description about the colonel in the story, one could conclude that his personality could best be described as a remorseless person in a chaotic country that embraced violence among their people (James, Denise & Tom 85). The colonel reveals his evil personality to the author with no compunction, â€Å"He spilled many human ears on the table† (James, Denise & Tom 85). Furthermore, the author manages to reveal to the reader that the colonel behaved that way since his people had become hard to difficult to govern plus he had enemies. This story written by Fred Leebron remains as an intriguing fictional story that entails a lady that broke up with her boyfriend and sought for revenge. The story begins with a happy time memory of the couple being by the river side enjoying themselves, â€Å"She touches his hair by the river† (James, Denise & Tom 157). The author in the story jumps back and forth in telling her story as she reveals her past relationship and links to the current event. From the story, one could realize that the author enjoyed pleasant times with the man he dated before they moved to his apartment. As the author compares the past life with the present, one could realize that the two had broken up though the author had the key of the apartment. The author goes to her ex-boyfriends apartment and turns on the gas stove without lighting it, then walks away. The author is angry with the man and plans for a fire accident to occur in his apartment since she knew that he liked to smoke, â€Å"The air smells of autumn, burnt† (James, Denise & Tom 157). This story hence reveals the bitterness of a girl who feels cheated in entering a relationship with the man she speaks about, â€Å"His former girlfriends have turned into lesbians† (James, Denise & Tom 157). The readers remain left in suspense on what will happen to the former boyfriend when the author leaves the apartment with the gas stove on â€Å"I turn it on without lighting† (James, Denise & Tom

Fire Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fire Technology - Research Paper Example These factors include and not limited to electricity short circuiting, factory explosions, road accidents, lightening, earthquakes, gas leakages, petroleum outbursts, and other human activities like hunting and irresponsible smoking. In the same way, the increase in technology has also taken effect in fire technology where various fire disaster prevention and management procedures are in application. Where averting any disaster has been a challenge to all governments, all states have adopted various fire technology measures to this effect. They include fire brigades, fire technology academies, fire technology associations, and fire technology programs. Indeed, the federal government ensures that all citizens have the least fire technology education while few engineers get the highest fire technology education to handle fire disasters in the nation. Actually, the Fire Technology Department at Victor Valley College offers training and educational opportunities to students. Eligible stu dents qualify for employment as part time or full time firefighters with the California Department of Forestry, local agencies, the municipal fire department in California, and the United States Forest Service (Victory Valley College, 2011). This paper will address the topic of fire evacuation in the field of fire technology. Any organization should have a fire emergency evacuation plan (FEEP) that entails the action the staff and occupants of a given building should take in the event of fire and the arrangements for calling the fire brigade. Small premises can adopt a general fire notice  while a large premise can adopt a staff fire notice (Fire Safety Advice Centre, 2011). In all cases, the notices should be clear, concise, and prominently displayed. For any fire evacuation procedure to take place, detection of the occurrence of fire must happen with urgency and a warning given in real time for

Reading Lesson 275 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Lesson 275 - Essay Example If the student was unable to finish their book in the allotted time period, the teacher will direct the student to depict as much of the story as they were able to get to. This activity should last for the remainder of period which will be approximately 12 minutes. If the students finish earlier, they can present their book to the class by showcasing the pictures or word on their posters. Materials Needed: One book with ten pages or less for each student Poster board or construction paper Markers and crayons Stickers, stamps, other decorative items Task Dimensions Lesson Plan: Task Dimension Task History I would assume that the students will have experienced previous lessons regarding reading and were familiar enough readers to be able to handle a book with 10 pages, but not yet masters of this particular subject. Task Response Form Students are required to read the book on their own and then will respond to this task by creating a poster depicting the story’s main ideas. Task Modality Written and motor will be modes of learning during this lesson plan.

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological Essay

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological attack by a non-state actor - Essay Example One of the reasons why that is so is that very few cases of the individuals or groups in possession of the biological weapons have conventionally been identified. Nevertheless, a review of the practices and trends of the non-state actors in the past provides a very subjective idea of the tendency of the contemporary non-state actors to cause harm to the society through the biological weapons, given there has occurred a noticeable increase in the body of knowledge about the harmful effects of the pathogenic micro-organisms for humans over the decades. Even though, to the extent that the review of the historic cases is beneficial for understanding the current trends and capabilities of the non-state actors, one historic cases of the biological attack carried out by the non-state actors successively in 1984 is discussed in this paper. Using the pathogenic micro-organisms as a destructive tool exposes both the society and the non-state actors to various kinds of challenges. This paper an alyzes the extent to which the non-state actors involved in the biological attacks are a threat to the society. The most popular biological attack in the history of the USA was made in 1984 by a religious cult Rajneeshees that stole an Oregon-based country election. The Rajneeshees lived in the rural Wasco County and had become politically strong in Antelope, a small town whose name was thus changed to Rajneesh.

Marriage (ritual) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marriage (ritual) - Essay Example "Ego conjungo vos in matrimonium in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen. In this prayer the priest prays that â€Å"I unite you in marriage in the name of the Father and of the son and of the Holy Ghost† (Keefer & Rohret 59). Priest confirms marriage by saying the above prayer in front of the wed couple. Then groom receives a ring from the priest and places it in the ring finger of bride as a ritual. Then the ceremony is followed by benedictory prayer. "If, however, in any provinces, other laudable customs and ceremonies are in use besides the foregoing in the celebration of the Sacrament of Matrimony, the holy Council of Trent desires that they should be retained" ( Decreta Conc. Trid., Sess. XXIV, De Reformation, cap. 1). (Keefer & Rohret 93) The brilliant patience shown here towards variety of ritual is easy to gain. Wedding is reparation in which the contracting parties of both sides are assumed as ministers, it is simple that its vital forms must be uttered not in Latin but should be told verbally as well. Therefore this fact also introduces certain component of deviation (Rubio 51). The second stage after pre-liminal is known as liminal and Turner quotes it as â€Å"betwixt and between†, the other way around. Now this is the stage where proper ceremony takes place and bride is formally handed over to groom by the priest. A lot of love and gifts are exchanged to celebrate this happy moment of life. This ritual is performed in presence of a priest, in Roman Catholic variant, or a minister, in the Anglican Church (Rubio 68). After the marriage the next stage is liminal stage which brings certain changes in the life of wed couple. These changes can be related to financial affairs, health, sickness and other day to day problems which change the routine life of married people. Special prayers are made for this period in the wedding ceremony in England. The prayer is said in the following words. "I, N. take thee, N. for my

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological Essay

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological attack by a non-state actor - Essay Example One of the reasons why that is so is that very few cases of the individuals or groups in possession of the biological weapons have conventionally been identified. Nevertheless, a review of the practices and trends of the non-state actors in the past provides a very subjective idea of the tendency of the contemporary non-state actors to cause harm to the society through the biological weapons, given there has occurred a noticeable increase in the body of knowledge about the harmful effects of the pathogenic micro-organisms for humans over the decades. Even though, to the extent that the review of the historic cases is beneficial for understanding the current trends and capabilities of the non-state actors, one historic cases of the biological attack carried out by the non-state actors successively in 1984 is discussed in this paper. Using the pathogenic micro-organisms as a destructive tool exposes both the society and the non-state actors to various kinds of challenges. This paper an alyzes the extent to which the non-state actors involved in the biological attacks are a threat to the society. The most popular biological attack in the history of the USA was made in 1984 by a religious cult Rajneeshees that stole an Oregon-based country election. The Rajneeshees lived in the rural Wasco County and had become politically strong in Antelope, a small town whose name was thus changed to Rajneesh.

ACCT - Principles of Managerial Accounting Essay - 1

ACCT - Principles of Managerial Accounting - Essay Example A process order costing approach is however applicable when activities are homogeneous and involve mass production. As a result, allocation of cost per single activity would be irrational such as in a food company where costing done per process and not per unit product (Mowen, p. 182). Equivalent units of production are necessary in a process costing approach because it facilitate allocation of costs to unit elements of a production process. This is because costs are measured with respect to processes or departments that consist of a number of units. The equivalent units are then used to derive cost per unit of products (Mowen, p. 255). The equivalent units of production for direct labor and overhead can be either equal to, or different from equivalent units for direct materials. This is because of the availability of different approaches to costing. An actual or normal costing approach may lead to difference in the values while a standard costing approach may yield same values for direct labor, overhead and direct materials (Mowen, p.

British and American English in Hk Essay Example for Free

British and American English in Hk Essay Hong Kong was a colony of British in the past. Under a British education system, the English we learnt in school are supposed to be British English. But nowadays, more and more Hong Kong people start to use American English in their daily conversions. Some people think that using both British and American English may prove bad influences to English learning. Another group of people claim that it is good to familiar with the usage of both British and American English. Noah Webster Before we investigate on this case, we should first know what actually American English is and how can we recognize it. In 19th century, Noah Webster created The American Dictionary of the English Language. At that time, most of the schools in America had a bad learning environment with poor underpaid staff, no desks, and unsatisfactory textbooks that came from British. As a teacher in America, he wanted to improve the situation and advocated that American should learn from American textbooks. He wrote textbooks for the students and even created the American English system. The American Dictionary he created was integrated by new words, spellings and pronunciations. This the reason why the latter gave a separate identity to American English. Differences between British and American English: In order to distinguish British English and American English from each other, we can focus on the spellings, pronunciations, grammars and usage in vocabularies. Differences in Vocabulary Some words used in British and American are totally different. Focus on vocabularies used is the easiest way to know which kind of English the people are using. Here are some common examples. British English American English pants trousers crisp chips chips French fries fizzy drink soda lift elevator film movie pavement sidewalk Popular American entertainment in HK Although we learnt British English in school, we can easily get touch in some American entertainments in Hong Kong. American entertainments are everywhere, TV shows, films, songs, games etc. With no doubt, the English used in those entertainments is American English. This is reason why we learn many American English in our daily life.

Poverty And Hunger Around The World

Poverty And Hunger Around The World Introduction In our world, there is enough food to feed the whole population. However, according to FAOs recent report, one out of every six or seven people is hungry and it is a possibility that one out of three children is underweight. Today a massive number of people are living under poverty and many are dying of hunger each day. According to a report, 40% of the worlds population is living under poverty (www.thp.org). The World Bank states in India, the worlds second most populated nation, has 34% living on less than $1 a day and 80% living on less than $2. The situation is the same in Sub- Saharan Africa. The same source indicated above claims that 41% of the population in Sub- Saharan Africa live on less than $1 a day which is considered as the international poverty line. What are the causes and effects of poverty and hunger and how are they spread out around the world? What does Poverty and Hunger Mean? Poverty and hunger are defined in different ways by different individuals. Poverty is defined as people living in household below 60 percent of median income ( Raffo et al 5). Encarta Dictionary also states poverty as the state of not having enough money to take care of basic needs such as food, clothing and housing. Encyclopedia Britannica defines poverty as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. All the definitions assert that poverty is a state in which one cannot afford to achieve a basic living standard such as food and clothing. Poverty may be considered as the condition of being extremely poor. Poverty is classified into two categories according to World Bank. These are income poverty and human poverty. Income poverty is related with only financial income whereas human poverty includes lack of proper diet, clothing, shelter and work. So far, weve defined poverty but what is hunger? In many sources including Encyclopedia Britannica, hunger is viewed as a feeling we have when we need something to eat. Both poverty and hunger are spread all over the world but the degree varies from country to country. The less developed countries suffer from it strongly whereas the developed countries are affected to a much lesser degree. Poverty and Hunger Facts Do you know how many people are living in poverty and how many are diying of hunger each day worldwide? There are a number of people who are poor and hungry in the world. The United Nations bulletin on the Eradication of Poverty claims that 1.2 billion people live on less than $1 a day which is viewed as the absolute poverty level. It is very shocking to know that so many people are living under poverty. According to the bulletin, 24,000 people die of hunger each day, 16,000 of whom are children under five years of age. In addition to this, 800 million people, or one in every six people, are malnourished, 200 million of whom are children. As a result, the average life expectancy where hunger is serious, is low. There are 19 million hungry people in developed countries and 53 million people are hungry in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Sub- Saharan Africa, 239 million people are also hungry (www.stwr.org). World Hunger Project further states the issue as follows: As of 2008, the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in developing countries who live on $1.25 a day or less. This compares to the later FAO estimate of 1.02 billion undernourished people. Extreme poverty remains an alarming problem in the worlds developing regions, despite some progress that reduced dollarnow $1.25 a day poverty from 1900 million people in 1981, a reduction of 29 percent over the period. Progress in poverty reduction has been concentrated in Asia, and especially, East Asia, with the major improvement occurring in China. Hunger around the world There are many factors that are assumed to be root causes for the existence of poverty in the world. Lack of resources, an unequal income distribution, conflict, drought, famine and climate change, for example, are some of the causes of poverty and hunger in many countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people in extreme poverty has increased. The economic systems of a nation may also be the principal cause of poverty and hunger. A number of international organizations which are working with poverty and hunger believe that the principal underlying cause of poverty and hunger is the ordinary operation of the economic and political systems in the world. In the developing countries especially in African, control over resources and income is based on military power. Therefore, everything is in the hand of people who are leading a comfortable life whereas the poor are the victim of the system. One of the causes of poverty and hunger according to FAO is conflict. FAO strongly believes that large number of people are poor and hungry due to conflict either inside their nation or outside. Moreover, UNHCR strenghens this fact in the following way: At the end of 2005, the global number of refugees was at its lowest level in almost a quarter of a century. Despite some large-scale repatriation movements, the last three years have witnessed a significant increase in refugee numbers, due primarily to the violence taking place in Iraq and Somalia. By the end of 2008, the total number of refugees under UNHCRs mandate exceeded 10 million. The number of conflict-induced internally displaced persons (IDPs) reached some 26 million worldwide at the end of the year . Providing exact figures on the number of stateless people is extremely difficult. But, important, visible though it is, and anguishing for those involved conflict is less important as poverty as a cause of hunger. Using the statistics above 1.02 billion people suffer from chronic hunger while 36 million people are displaced (UNHCR 2008). Hunger can be viewed as the cause of poverty in a such a way that it causes poor health, low levels of energy, and even mental impairment. Due to this fact, hunger can lead to even greater poverty by reducing peoples ability to work and learn. Therefore, we may conclude that hunger is one of the causes of poverty. Climate change is another serious cause of hunger and poverty as global warming is increasing rapidly. As the result of change in climate, drought in the world is increasing day by day. Flooding and farming practices are other key issues regarding poverty and hunger. As it is mentioned earlier, factors such as land rights and ownership, land for non-productive use (such as tobaco industries and floriculture) increasing of export of food when the countrys people dont have enough to eat, poor methods of farming, war, drought, and many more are causes of poverty and hunger . How does poverty affect hunger? Poverty and hunger are almost inseparable. Poverty is the main cause of hunger, when people do not have money they can not afford to buy food and support themselves. Hence,world hunger is a symptom of world poverty. Although hunger is caused by many factors, the most dominant reason is linked with poverty. Conclusion The world community has the material and all that is needed to prevent and fight hunger and poverty. Yet, people are hungry even when there is enough food because it is not equally distributed and due to political unrests. Providing aid food for the hungry is not an ever lasting solution to tackle poverty and hunger. We need to find a sustainable solution to eradicate hunger and poverty. We need to address the issues such as poor farming practices, deforestation, overcropping and overgrazing that are exhausting land fertility and cause hunger. Wars are another underlying issue to poverty and hunger that need to be addressed as millions of people get displaced every from their homes leading to hunger and poverty.We need to find better ways of fighting hunger and poverty by addressing the issue at a prevention stage.

Foods Containing High Fructose Corn Syrup Essay -- History, Pros Cons,

Abstract: This research paper will discuss the history, economics, and positive and negative aspects of foods which contain high fructose corn syrup. It will cover the basic information in these aspects as well as some specifics. The major milestones in the history of high fructose corn syrup include its creation in 1957. Three different types of high fructose corn syrup will also be briefly compared against one another: high fructose corn syrup #1, high fructose corn syrup #2, and high fructose corn syrup #3. Pros and cons of high fructose corn syrup will then be discussed as well as economic issues. The fact that it is only available in liquid form is the main factor. Lastly, common foods containing high fructose corn syrup will be listed. These foods are mainly sweet liquids such as juices, sports drinks, and sodas. As technology improves, new inventions allow society to become lazier and pursue more pleasure. More and more appliances are made for our convenience, and more and more artificial ingredients are used in our foods to please our sense of taste. Fifty years ago, most of our food was sweetened with natural sugar, such as cane sugar or brown sugar; however, within the past few years, drastic technological and scientific improvement has paved the way for all types of artificial sweeteners to replace sugar and become omnipresent. Before 1957, high fructose corn syrup, now so prevalent in all of our food, did not even exist, because people believed that there was no fructose in corn syrup. In 1957, researchers Marshall and Kooi made an amazing discovery. It was already a given fact that there truly is no fructose in corn syrup; instead, it contains glucose, a much blander sugar. What they discovered would change how mod... ...hemical sweeteners could replace even high fructose corn syrup, but for now and the near future, it will be sticking around in all of our sweets. Works Cited A Brief History of the Corn Refining Industry. 2007. The Corn Refiner’s Association. 24 July 2008. Ettlinger, Steve. Twinkie, Deconstructed. 375 Hudson Street, New York: Penguin Group, Inc., 2007. High Fructose Corn Syrup. OU Kosher. 24 July 2008 Inglett, George E. Symposium: Sweeteners. Westport, Connecticut: The Avi Publishing Company, Inc., 1974. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Sweeteners: Issues and Uncertainties. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1975. Thomas, Clive Y. Sugar: Threat or Challenge? International Development Research Centre, 1985. Foods Containing High Fructose Corn Syrup Essay -- History, Pros Cons, Abstract: This research paper will discuss the history, economics, and positive and negative aspects of foods which contain high fructose corn syrup. It will cover the basic information in these aspects as well as some specifics. The major milestones in the history of high fructose corn syrup include its creation in 1957. Three different types of high fructose corn syrup will also be briefly compared against one another: high fructose corn syrup #1, high fructose corn syrup #2, and high fructose corn syrup #3. Pros and cons of high fructose corn syrup will then be discussed as well as economic issues. The fact that it is only available in liquid form is the main factor. Lastly, common foods containing high fructose corn syrup will be listed. These foods are mainly sweet liquids such as juices, sports drinks, and sodas. As technology improves, new inventions allow society to become lazier and pursue more pleasure. More and more appliances are made for our convenience, and more and more artificial ingredients are used in our foods to please our sense of taste. Fifty years ago, most of our food was sweetened with natural sugar, such as cane sugar or brown sugar; however, within the past few years, drastic technological and scientific improvement has paved the way for all types of artificial sweeteners to replace sugar and become omnipresent. Before 1957, high fructose corn syrup, now so prevalent in all of our food, did not even exist, because people believed that there was no fructose in corn syrup. In 1957, researchers Marshall and Kooi made an amazing discovery. It was already a given fact that there truly is no fructose in corn syrup; instead, it contains glucose, a much blander sugar. What they discovered would change how mod... ...hemical sweeteners could replace even high fructose corn syrup, but for now and the near future, it will be sticking around in all of our sweets. Works Cited A Brief History of the Corn Refining Industry. 2007. The Corn Refiner’s Association. 24 July 2008. Ettlinger, Steve. Twinkie, Deconstructed. 375 Hudson Street, New York: Penguin Group, Inc., 2007. High Fructose Corn Syrup. OU Kosher. 24 July 2008 Inglett, George E. Symposium: Sweeteners. Westport, Connecticut: The Avi Publishing Company, Inc., 1974. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Sweeteners: Issues and Uncertainties. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1975. Thomas, Clive Y. Sugar: Threat or Challenge? International Development Research Centre, 1985.

The Pit And The Pendulum: Movie Vs. Book Essay -- essays research pape

The Pit and the Pendulum: Movie vs. Book The movie "The pit and the Pendulum" was nothing at all like the book. The movie started out as a man walked along the ocean to enter a huge castle. His sister had moved there when she married Dom Madena, but now she was dead. The castle was used to torture Catholics during the Inquisition. Dom Madena believes that the castle has an atmosphere of torture thick with death, and that led to the death of his sister. The doctor said she died of fright. They buried her in a tomb below the castle. As child Dom Madena saw his father torture and kill his father's brother and his own wife. He accused them of adultery. His father didn't torture his mother to death, he buried her alive. Dom Madena thought that he buried his wife alive. Then one night someone was playing the harpsichord just like his wife did. Another time a servant heard his wife whispering to her. Then one night someone trashed her room. Dom Madena, also called Nicholas, heard his wife calling him. He went through a secret passageway until he entered the room of all the torturing devices. He goes to his wife grave, which they dug up to prove she was dead, and she popped out of her grave. She chased him through the dungeon until they met with the doctor. Then Nicholas fainted, and his wife, who never really died, told him that it was all scheme. She and the doctor were having an affair. He chased the doctor and he fell into a pit and died...

Economics Assignment: Test Paper on Government Intervention

Economics Assignment: Test Paper on Government Intervention on the Price System Section A: MCQ 1. The following happens when subsidy is introduced by the government, except: a) Equilibrium price of the good decreases b) Supply curve of the good shifts to the right c) No shifts in the demand curve d) Market failure caused by positive externalities overcome 2. The market has failed if: a) Market price of the good decreases b) Many companies are going through a recession c) The opportunity cost of producing the good increases ) Excessive amount of resources is devoted for the production of a good 3. What could be the cause of too little production of a good? a) Increased opportunity cost of producing the good b) Social benefits are not considered c) Presence of negative externalities d) Private benefits are not considered 4. Which of the following is an example of market failure caused by moral hazard? a) A person mistreated with the wrong medicine by a doctor b) High production of ciga rettes in a market ) A lighthouse is not available as all fishermen waits for the other to purchase it d) Inaccessibility to education as private sectors monopolize the education sector and sets a very high price Section B: Case Study Indonesia successfully stabilized domestic rice prices for more than a quarter of a century from 1969 to 1996 (see graph below). During that period, domestic prices were roughly equal to world prices on average, but were substantially less volatile. 1. Describe what could cause the peak in the world rice prices in 1974. [2] 2.State and explain a method of government intervention that could cause the stable domestic rice prices in Indonesia and how it is used to stabilize the price. [5] 3. Draw the graph of the effects of the method you stated in (2) on the demand and supply of rice in Indonesia. [2] 4. State one disadvantage of using the method of government intervention you stated in (2). [1] Section C: Essay 1. Explain the problems caused by external ities and how it can lead to market failure. [8] 2. What are some methods of government intervention and what are the advantages and disadvantages on using these methods? 8] [Virginia – JC1 Cromwell] ANSWER KEY Section A: MCQ 1. C 3. B 2. D 4. A Section B: Case Study 1. Rightward shift of the world demand curve/ leftward shift of the world supply = higher EP 2. Maximum price control & price stabilization policies to lessen the effects of unplanned fluctuations in rice supply which is price volatility. [1 for stating, 1-2 for explanation] -how: -purchase excess stocks during surplus production, release buffer stocks during shortage -result: roughly stable supply = stable price [2-3 for how] [max marks 5] 3. 1 for correct demand and supply curve, 1 for drawing maximum price] 4. Do not promote efficiency/protect farmers from full competition in world markets Section C: Essay 1. definition of externalities [1] private, social and external costs [1] * negative externalities: socia l cost-private cost (external cost) [3] lead to overproduction (external costs ignored by decision maker, price will be lower) too many resources devoted for production = market failure * positive externalities: social benefits>private benefits 3]lead to underproduction (social benefits ignored, leftward demand curve) too little resources devoted for production = market failure 2. definition of gov. intervention [] methods: regulation, taxes, subsidies, state production * taxes advantages: Reduce/overcome negative externalities Raise gov. ’s revenue. This revenue could be spent on alternatives disadvantages: Difficult to measure the level of negative externality e. g. what is the cost of pollution from a car? Not effective for goods which have inelastic demand subsidies advantages: Reduce/overcome positive externalities, higher demand for merit goods disadvantages: expensive, gov. could impose higher taxes to cover the cost of subsidies may encourage ineffeiciency in firms as they rely on gov. aid * maximum price control advantages: lower price for consumers, price is less volatile or stable disadvantages: lead to lower supply causing shortage, shortage leads to waiting lists and possible emergence of black markets as people try to overcome shortage

The Ups and Downs of the Cold War

Although no war between the superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union was ever declared, the leaders of the West and East faced off against each other in what is known as the Cold War. Even though there were attempts to discuss being peaceful together during the 46 years of â€Å"war†, these two nations fought overt and covert battles to increase their power across the globe. From the beginning to the end, the Cold War brought much fear and tension to the entire world.The Cold War is described as â€Å"the arms race between Germany and its neighbors as ‘a kind of â€Å"cold war† where there is no shooting but bleeding’† (Williamson). For my Cold War project, I made a chutes and ladders board game to represents the ups and downs of the war. I used 14 events: when the U. S. drops the atomic bomb, the Iron curtain, the Berlin Airlift, when China falls to communism, the Domino effect, when Russia drops their atomic bomb, hysteria, the launchi ng of Sputnik, Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Berlin Wall was built, the U. S. ets a man on the moon, the Berlin Wall falls, and the end of the Soviet Union, or the end of the Cold War. If the United States had a victory, the little person goes up the ladder, but if the Soviet Union won an event, the little person goes down the slide. There are eight slides, and six ladders, meaning that the Soviet Union overall had more wins, but the United States stole the victory in the end. The United States had a couple wins in the beginning, but the Soviet Union took control during the middle of the war, which means there are many slides in the middle of my project.But in the end, the United States takes it to the top, with a sparkly ladder to prove it. Immediately in the 50s and 60s, there were many short term effects of the Cold War. Communism was looked at as the â€Å"evil† government and the United States feared that it would spread from country to country. Because of t he increasing fear, many organizations and acts were started to put on end to the spread. One group, the House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), began to investigate allegiances of communism in Hollywood. The committee believed that Communists were sneaking propaganda into films† (Danzer) and they accused people of working with communists, causing huge amounts of hysteria. In 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed unknown communists in the state department, and eventually was calling everyone a communist. Not only were people afraid of being called a communist, but they also had to live in fear of having to eventually call someone they knew a communist.Panic was everywhere-having to always worry if a Russian atomic bomb was going to explode, not knowing if anyone was going to be called a communist, and always trying to compete with the Russians to try to be ahead in the race of war. Not only were there short term effects of the Cold War, but there were also long term effects as well. For example, the Berlin Wall, â€Å"a concrete wall topped with barbed wire that severed Berlin in two† (Danzer), stood as an ugly symbol of Communist oppression. Once it was torn down in 1989, it essentially ended all of the tensions that the hideous wall created.As well as the Berlin Wall, there were many problems with nuclear weapons. The Unites States and the Soviet Union were constantly racing to see who would use the atomic bomb first, and in 1945, the U. S. dropped the first bomb, starting the tensions of the Cold War that would last 46 years. The space race continued throughout the Cold War as the atomic bomb race did. In 1957, Russia sent Sputnik in space, making them the leader in the space race. However, in 1969, the United Stated sent the first man to the moon, which pushed them to be the leader.In the end, the super powers were both spending more than they could afford on the â€Å"bloodless war† (Williamson), which caused the Soviet Union to crumple, as the result to the end of the Cold War. Tensions, fear, and struggles filled the Cold War for 46 years. Even though there was no hand on hand contact, the events that shaped the war will never be forgotten. The Cold War had many ups and downs, but because of the perseverance and unity of the United States, they were about to steal the win of the long battle.

Subway (sandwiches) going to Norway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Subway (sandwiches) going to Norway - Essay Example The kingdom of Norway is the second least densely populated country of Europe. It is a population of approximately 5 million people but it holds top global rankings in various industries. Norway is the fifth largest oil exporter, third largest natural gas exporter and second largest exporter of seafood. (Norway considers avenging Chinese bullying, 2012) Let us conduct SWOT analysis of Norway as the potential target market for expansion. Norway is blessed with stable labor force, technological development along with natural resources which provide suitable environment for businesses. However, entrepreneurs find some difficult to target the niche audience. There is emphasis on small enterprises. The high per capita income is considered as bonus point for businesses. There is a big export potential and there are several opportunities to exploit them. However, there are few strict regulations which go against the businessmen and it serves as threat for businesses. (Norway considers avenging Chinese bullying, 2012) Now, let us consider the expansion of Subway chain in Norway. Subway is one of the fastest growing restaurants in the world which has more than 36000 franchises in 100 countries of the world. Norway can be the potential market for Subway. The largest export client of Norway is United States of America and it has got comparative advantage over it. The largest export item of Norway is fossil fuels products for U.S.A and it also exports petroleum products, telecommunication equipment, natural gas, military equipment, steel manufacturing materials and much more. Subway will extend its business to Norway in next year. It will conduct market research to understand the competition and nature of investments required to achieve its objectives. Then hire the best people or sign franchising agreements with locals to achieve maximum economies of scale and ease of doing business. Most of the

Check point Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Check point - Assignment Example iabetes risk factors include: overweight; people over the age of 45 years; family history with diabetes; higher blood sugar levels; high blood pressure; abnormal lipid levels; body inactivity (lack of exercise); blood vessel problems that affect the brain, heart and legs; and individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (Sjà ¶strà ¶m et. al, 2006). If an individual discovers that they I have any of the above items, they are advised to seek medical attention. Diabetes disease is common with over age people (above 45 years) and obese individuals (Simmons, Thompson & Volklander, 2001). Some lifestyles also increase chances of contracting the disease. The disease affects the economy negatively since a lot of resources are used in treating the disease. Individuals are also rendered inactive hence can’t participate in their economy-developing activities. This health problem also affects their social life. Worldwide, more than 380 million people are affected by

Royal Bank of Scotland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Royal Bank of Scotland - Essay Example At the time the controversy was percolating in the banking community there were no existing regulations that will cap bonuses much less the regular compensation of the Royal Bank of Scotland’s most senior officers. Ergo for all intents and purposes senior managers were not violating the law and their obligation to do no fault before the bars of justice. However the ethical standard was not only thrown out the window the sense of propriety of the people involved was put into questions. The board of directors itself populated by either the same people who will receive the bonuses shall of course choose to receive the bonus. It should be noted that there is nothing wrong in getting bonuses however, getting it from a distressed bank or an institution that are not only losing money but will be bailed out by the government. Banks are the very foundation of the economy of the United Kingdom, if its citizens lost its trust and confidence in the banking sector the result would not only be economic dislocation but also total economic chaos. These events would precipitate from the shortage of currency which banks help to balance to ensure that their amount can be sustained by the sum total of the United Kingdom’s assets. Thus it is essential that banks are free from controversy that may cause the subject of the United Kingdom to lose its trust and confidence. The United Kingdom failure to institute immediate sanctions to erring banks and their officers were not enough and cannot be rectified by a mere threat of an increase in taxes on bonuses. Drastic measures such as those implemented by the United States to break down or collapse the banks into several pieces were even lobbied by some legislators from both houses of the United Kingdom. Considering that the government of the United Kingdom owns more than half of the Royal Bank of Scotland, it is therefore in the best interest of the government to protect its interest through the board seats it occupy.   T he bonuses for all intents and purposes may have been given or agreed upon by the board of directors with the senior executives of the bank long before the losses were incurred. Thus, the senior management that was affected was well within their rights to receive the bonuses. However, considering that bonus are supposed to be rewards for a job well done. The bonuses are not only needed but it was never really justified in the first place.

Human Rights Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights Issues - Research Paper Example In fact, President Barrack Obama is found to have avoided holding a personal meeting with the Tibetan religious leader. It is held that the Obama administration for their support to the Chinese government in their political and cultural conflicts with Tibetan people led to such non-meeting. Moreover, the current administration of America is also found to participate in the process of rigging elections. The joining of America to the United Nations Human Rights Council has also turned out to be a controversial issue. It is because the council is taken to be flawed one and thus America’s joining such is also not being supported1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The role of Human Rights in the Foreign Policy of United States has become an issue of serious controversy owing to certain fallouts of the United States government under the leadership of President Barrack Obama. One of the serious flaws in this regard was a symbol of dishonor shown to the fourteenth Dalai Lama on his recent visit to United States. The 74-year-old Buddhist monk who was previously been offered a warm welcome to the American soil was however not treated with due respect this time. In fact, President Barrack Obama is found to have cancelled a meeting with the old monk. The sudden change in America’s attitude towards the old Buddhist monk is taken to be a significant gesture on Obama’s part to support the ongoing Chinese war with the Tibetan residents. The said activity of the Obama administration earns strong criticism in regards to the view given by Human Rights Activists. They hold that the present American administration has tu rned into a weak body in promoting the effects of democracy and human rights. However, Barrack Obama’s way in dealing with terrorist suspects earns a sea change from the policies practiced in the times of Bush administration. Obama rightly changed the detention and interrogation procedures of suspected terrorists. It is also observed that

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example When the managers investigated the issue, they came to know that the software developer was not able to fulfill the requirements of the customer due to which he was delaying the issue. He tried to hide from the managers his poor skills in removing software errors. Later on, the company provided the customer with his desired software in just two days using another developer. The ethical issue in this example was that the developer tried to hide his inability in removing the errors by trying to delay the issue. The issue not only decreased the customer’s confidence in the company but also resulted in putting a spot on the company’s image. The developer could have tackled the situation in a much different way. He should have made the company aware of the real situation instead of being afraid of losing his job.  I believe that if an employee of a company behaves unethically, it puts an adverse impact on the overall image of the company. It not only results in the loss of customers’ confidence in the company’s products but also affects the image of the company. Therefore, employees should behave ethically in all situations because ethical behavior is the key to the resolution of complex issues.If I would be in the position of the software developer, I would handle the issue differently. I would not hide my disabilities on the cost of losing the customer’s confidence. First, I would collect detailed information to resolve the issue properly. I would come to the customer personally to know the concerns of the customer. 2 Next, I would determine the exact issue by analyzing the information obtained from the customer. I would consider the nature of my job responsibilities and my obligations to the company while determining the issue and my role in resolving the issue. Brown (2011) states, â€Å"Ethical issues that arise in the workplace should be carefully examined, and handled with care, as the determinations of these ethical issu es can lead to the growth or demise of a company†. 3 After determining the key ethical issue, I would identify the individuals who would be involved in the issue. In the above-mentioned case, I would carefully analyze the situation to identify the stakeholders and

History of nonprofit organizations Essay Example for Free

History of nonprofit organizations Essay The history of the nonprofit organizations in the US is dated back to the mid of 19th century. They came as important tools to look after the effects of the slavery activity. Generally, a non-profit organization is an organization with a legal constitution whose creation is by private people/persons or elsewhere organizations without any fundamental representation within the government activity. At the epochs of globalization effect in early 20th century, the subject matter of nonprofit organization became yet a more featured activity. This was at the realization that the central government could not serve to solve most of the people’s problems. Even the existing national and international organizations had their roots to serve the interest of capitalists more than the general human population. To strike a counterbalance to this irrationality, development of these organizations was biased in fostering development, providing humanitarian support and aiding in development sustainability. Their development came inform of various types with interest in different areas of humanity. Depending on the purpose and role to serve and play in the society, development of these organizations is fundamentally made to provide an environment for support into different spheres of humanity. At one view, they engage in designing and implementing projects which are related on development. This provides the conventional understanding of them in providing development support to the community. Their classification within US is in terms of development oriented, international, community based or even national organizations. Their purposes are different and mainly depend on the kind of service they provide to the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonprofit organizations in the US can as a refuge to the long suffering of human beings at different levels. They came to bridge the gap of inefficiency which was provided by the political and governmental structures within the US governance system. Their basic aim is to provide various conditions which are solemn to providing various support structure to improve the human population. Their method of activity is also diverse coming in form of lobby groups, initiative programs above community-based activities for service to the people. The basic rule with all non-profit organization in US and the general world is that they are strictly not made to make profit benefits in their foundations. They should service the interest of the community in line with their activity to ensure high standards of service output. The nonprofit and non-benefit nature of these organizations is provided by the legal structure of the Federal Legal system which recognizes their presence and roles before instituting various legal parameters. At the individual/internal capacity, they are guided by various legal autonomies within  Ã‚   constitutional framework that embody their activity. They are free from the authorities of international laws. (Hall, 22)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, their role and purpose is diverse and depends on the basic purpose for their formation. However, the basic purpose is to provide service to humanity by confronting various issues that affect the human population. Either, their development is only made to serve the interest of a specific population of the people in which they are instituted. In the US, nonprofit organizations come in a huge number making more than 600, 000. In regard to their functional outlay, they are instituted for environmental conservation, human rights encouragement and observance, taking care and improving the inequalities within the disadvantaged societal population, or even having an agenda on corporate representation to the society. They rise as corporations to provide refuge to the human population by acting on provision of the basic inequalities allied to the society. They aim at providing structures that provide support in the well-being of the society. It seeks to provide autonomy in the observation of well-founded societal image before driving the society to attainment of its mission. Key guiding principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to the diversity of culture and operations by these organizations, some principles help as guide for their activity. At one point, the principles provide rationality in the support of equality in the basic corporate governances which help to ensure observation of the conventional purpose allied to their formation. Firstly, all non profit organizations are to be guided by the principle of optimal costing. This is in the realization of their nonprofit nature which provides support for the most adequate costing system. Costing is observable in the budgeting systems which help to provide a support for the best cost parameter.   Budgeting involve the control of funds to ensure the most adequate use of their financial authorities. Costing principle is guided by their non-profit/benefit nature which prevents any financial advantage in terms of profit or benefits to any party. The Federal Law recognizes the importance of costing principle in these organizations before instituting various laws and regulations to guide them in their support for the most optimal interest to the community in service.   This principle is fundamentally obliged in internalizing the cost parameters in the organizations financial outlay in terms of their grants, cost of contracts, financial utilization and allocation and any other fundamental activity allied to the costing system. The aim of the principle is to provide a concrete share of the cost liberation by federal government in the administration process of the non-profit organizations within its framework. Either, the principles help to define in the standards of approach and use in providing structures for adequacy in the financial management and quotations of their costs in activities and processes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, all non-governmental organizations are to be guided by adequate public relations standards. With their role and activity outlay within the society, these organizations should always provide structures for standard relationships with the general public population. This is a basic factor if their role of meeting the societal goals is not to be compromised. Public relations are the basic tools with which various organizations such as charity organizations and foundations use to capture the relative interest of the general public. Through sophistication in the public relations activities, many organizations are able to raise their funds. They use various lobbying techniques to seek financing from the government and other statutory sources. Either, high public relations to interest groups help to provide importance of benefits with their fundamental influences to the social systems and political standards. Either, their public relations support helps to campaign adequately among the human population to achieve their basic missions and goals. (Dimagio, Anheir, 152)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the diversity in the activities and mission statement, all non-profit organizations are provided with support by high standards of monitoring process and control of activities. Controlling and monitoring is a basic principle which helps to ensure a coordinated approach in all their activities. All activities and processes are controlled and monitored in order to ensure a support of the basic activity and fulfillment of their service to the general public. This principle provides an oversight into the basic fundamentals that help to ensure a logical collaboration between the various structures of the organization. At one point, controlling and also monitoring seeks to provide accountability for the character and effect of the process and activities. It seems to provide a sanction of coordinated approach with which activities are done according to their optimal requirement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non profit organization are free from jurisdiction and control by the federal government unless of very explicit legal controls. As a basic and conventional principle, these organizations are supposed to be out of the federal legal system. The guiding force and regulations should be based on the specific standards and requirements of specific organization. This is by conventional due to the role played by the organizations as a bridge towards the rigidities found in the federal legal system. Either, they should not be allied to the international legal process. The principle of free government control should therefore prevail. Otherwise, any interaction and control by he federal government would betray their mission since majority are founded as lobby groups to act against the federal system legal inequalities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As an ethical parameter, the funding process and activities should fundamentally be authentic. This should seek to provide an atmosphere for the most adequate income flow. The funding principle is a subject of the costing principle with which the size and scale of funding is to be determined and evaluated in a conventional costing system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Democracy should always prevail in all activities of these organizations. There foundations are aimed at providing support for the general interest of the public population. They are interest groups which serve stop the basic loopholes and rigidities of the federal legal system. Democracy helps to provide equity and equality in service provision to the public. It seeks to ensure that the interest of the public is seldom at par with the good of the society. This is a preferential requirement which gives the community an optimal opportunity of enjoying basic interest in the community development process. They should invite for free contribution, comment and exercise of the members allied to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the performance of their work should be at peaceful and harmonious grounds where no external harassment, intimidation, reprisal and discrimination is to support their basic activities. This helps to formulate standards of activity where they are to act and perform at their most discretional and willing capacity without any external effect. Either, there should be no external influence by the federal governmental which is to provide support for the well being of the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsewhere, they should be provided with conditions for seeking, managing, receiving and administering their activities in the support of international, domestic and foreign activities and entities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equally, individual joining, formations and participation in such organizations should be at the discretion guided by their freedom and rights of expressions, associations and peaceful assembly. This helps to provide standards with which the governmental regulations are not to shape the interest and nature of the organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the principles are to provide support for the authenticity and the well being of the society, the governments of democratic countries are to act adequately in the effect of the strong withstanding of these organizations from the inadequate influence of the national systems. The violations of their basic principles should therefore call for a close action by the national government in their effective defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of ethics is fundamentally critical in analyzing the management system of the non profit organizations. The Alliance for Nonprofit Management Standards (ANMS) is the movement allied to setting and establishing ethical standards for use and applications by the organizations. Ethical management is closely allied and synonymous to adequate management. Ethical management is a subject of nonprofit organizations leadership which help to ensure a conduct within the gross corporate requirement. It’s a basic support that provides harmony in the institutional framework of these organizations. They help to provide a peaceful coordination in implicit formality to ensure ways and means to safeguard the interests of the stakeholders. At one edge, it helps to provide responsibility and either set the respective ideals in the professional outlay of the organization. On the extreme end, unethical management is what violates the basic principles of nonprofit organizations. Its operations are to provide for a continued inequality in the role they play in the society. Such unethical management is a way of administration and organizational leadership which provokes the legal authenticity of the nonprofit mission statement. Generally, every ethical management is to provide solid protection for the organizations clientele and professional system. Either, such management does not compromise structure for acceptance into adequate system of administration and also the will of guidance to the people. It does not compromise on improving the consistency and also the quality of the life of the individual human population with which it provides service to. Ethical management provides a standard collaboration in the activities of the organizations. Every ethical management is aimed at rationalizing the quality, support and formulating high integrity for capacity building within the organization’s activities. Due to the fragility and the developing nature of the capacity building within these organizations, every epoch of the legitimate leadership standards to provide support for the mission statement of these organizations. Ethical behaviors in the leadership autonomy, helps to provide effectiveness and promotion of capacity building in the functional outlay of these organizations. Ethical management equals ethical standards which ensure a support for standardized capacity building.   Ethical managing is a tool for promoting a better clientele service and activity within the organizational framework. It is an approach which seeks to ensure control of the interest conflict within the organizational function. (Waden, 715)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, unethical management is subject to providing inadequacy in the standards of the organizations activity. This is the leadership activity which destabilizes the functional capacity of the organization. It is a leadership activity (management appraisal) which brings conflict to the organization. Elsewhere, unethical management does not focus on maintaining the basic principle allied to nonprofit organizations. This is the management system which down looks major rules and processes within the organizations which ensure a collaborated approach in service delivery and promotion of efficiency in the organization’s activities. Legal framework   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, non-profit organizations have a lot to do with its legal status. At one level, many states have well provided laws which govern the activity of the organizations. Either, these laws help to regulate the management system and formulate the various requirements for their establishment. The nature of these laws is to provide standards of support for management process which does not overlook the systems of corporate governance. Above the state laws, their internal systems is driven and monitored by authorities which provide support for basic organizational coordination. Above the many legal requirements, these organizations should provide well detailed support of their financial activities. This should have a clear picture in the level of expenditure and also income flow within their transactions. The legal system requires them to have a full support for the governance and management system by providing a layout of their organizational management staff. The legal structure under the federal system also provides the level of structural formulation. It pronounces the legal terms with which these organizations are made to follow in the pursuit of their administration from the legal status portfolio as the tax exemption clause. This provides that the organizations are to enjoy income tax free activities. Tax exemption in US is through Internal Revenue Service (IRS). However, this exemption is only enjoyed by organizations which meet specific statutory requirements which includes, limited spending, safeguard for charity interest in its internal affairs above specifity in its purpose. Tax exemption is required a full commission to the requirement of the nonprofit organization’s activities. (Walden, 719) Deviations from this standard requirement will lead to the withdrawal of the tax exemption requirement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the Federal Law has a weak force in providing for charity and non-governmental operations. It fails to substantially provide the basic requirements for what should be done by the organizations. However, lack of strong legal concern does not mean that the state government should run these organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the basic legal authority of the non profit organizations is bound to be self regulatory without operational influence of both the state and the international laws. The organizations are made to provide their own management system which should not go by the standard of approach and regulation by the state law. However, private control by these organizations is the foremost influence of inadequacies in the fundamental activities. Due to their solidary private control and governance, these organizations will at many a time endure inefficiencies in the administrative prospects. Their private nature is the basic initiative for mismanagement and rebel over many interests at the expense of the federal system laws and regulations. (Til, 54) Governance and board development strategies. With the fragility allied to the activities of the non-profit organizations, governance and board development posits an important factor. Consideration for the most optimal governance and development within such organization should not be compromised. However, essential of board development should provide strategies which helps to ensure the most adequate board system. Firstly, the choice in strategy should not overlook the role of the board. However, the achievement of the goals and missions of the organization should be promoted. This helps to ensure high standards of achieving the standards of the organization. Either, adequate support by the board helps to facilitate a comprehensive support for the roles of the organization. However, supported training to board members should seek to ensure the most adequate governance structure within the organizations. (Axelrod, 142)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonprofit organizations come as fundamental bodies that seek to refuge the problems allied to the current regime where such organizations have risen falsely with even non-functional activity and performances. The board should therefore reclaim the specific roles they are made to play within the organizations. This is to ensure a richly state of practices. Either, the board has a sublime role to play in the governance of the organization. Unless the society is provided with clarity of the authenticity in the activities within the organization, various stakeholders may not have the will to participate fully in the organization’s activities. The board is allied to a functional capacity which helps to provide strength of the weaknesses born in the institutional and also management capacities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The boards’ development should therefore provide various strategies which help to give a comparative impression for adequate activities within the organization. This should seek to give directions on strategies and goals for facilitating control on organizational issues. Every governance structure will therefore help to provide a strong coordination of the internal outlay of the organization. The rules of many boards reduce shortly after the registration of the organization where such boards disintegrate out. There functional layout is mostly seen at the growth stage and emergent stage of these organizations. However, they normally posses unclear or even poor definition in the goals of the organization. There is lack of understanding of the governance requirements. The next aspect is the modality of conflict among them and the organizations management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, every strategy in board development should perpetuate a board which ensures effective board’s activity. Adequacy in such board should not compromise training of the board members. Training is therefore an important strategy which should be used to overcome the inequality born by the weak board systems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The board development process helps to ensure a board which helps to coordinate adequately the activity of the organization. For adequacy in the leadership and governance styles within the organization, the board provides an authentic support for the organizational activity. The development process of the organization’s board should use various developmental initiates as strategies with which it will be able to adjust its board development process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the mission of the organization should be a basic fundamental aspect when defining the nature of the board development. The organizations mission should be the basic tool which helps to shape the nature of the board. Through the mission statement, the characters and the nature of the board will thus be shaped. Elsewhere, the organization program should a basic guiding strategy towards a better coordinated approach for the governance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A coherent plan of its strategies should guide the organization in developing its board. Since organizational strategies vary with its mission and activity, the package of strategies should seldom be the guiding factor towards the nature of its board.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Governance structure system of the organization plays an important role in defining the nature of activities it plays within the community. Sound governance is very important in defining the scale of attainment of the mission statement. Either, the governance system borrows its authority from the management and the board outlay. Adequacy in the governance plays a predominant role in defining the level with which the organization is able to achieve its goals. Either, the structure of the board defines the standards with which the governance of the organization is to be. (Silk, 76)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By their nature, non profit organizations are formed on private grounds to overseer the interest of the people. Every good relationship between such organizations and the community /public should fundamentally be provided for. Generally, the relationship between these organizations and the community is ideally rationally close. It seeks to create an incentive of participation between the community and such organizations. Elsewhere, lack of adequate relationship between the two would definitely mean standards of high activity and a reasonable state of coordination and surveillance for the community. The interest of the organizations is in the provision of service to the general public. Adequate attempt of coordination between them and the community should be provided as the best initiative which provides grounds for service to the human population. Financial and human resource management A package of basic principles in the financial management, human resource management and fund development act as the guiding rule for these organizations. Financial management is an approach of administration in which the financial inflow and outflow is monitored considerably .This is to ensure that the financial transactions are at the most optimal discretion to provide support for the community. Either, this is aimed at providing the closest relationship between the community and the organization . However, the basic principle is the optimal costing principle which is applied to provide the most adequate system of financial use in the financial system .Optimal costing implies that the financial inflow and outflows is at the greatest capacity to provide support for the use of the finances. Generally poor financial use has been the benchmark in lack of trust to many of the organizations by the community, government and private financiers .Therefore every optimal costing should seek to serve the interest of the stakeholders in the organization. Either, like any other organization, these organizations should provide financial management systems which ensure the right perception by both the internal and external environments. Accountability provides a support for financial management .The internal financial position, standards and figures are used by the internal management to make decisions about the organization .Through adequate disclosures of the financial documents, and the management is able to make the relevant decisions (Linnel, Radoserich, Spack, 48) Generally, these organizations are to maintain their financial accounting in the principle provided by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Such provide that financial accounting follow the international standards in support of the financial documents Either all non profit organizations ought to have a system of internal control. This is to ensure that the financial transactions abide by the conventional system of management Elsewhere non profit organizations are supposed to have full provision of reports to the finance management and to be provided to the relevant stakeholders such as financiers. Adequate financial reports are important to every activity of management within the organizations Generally the management should use systems of adequate control on their budgets which ensures adequate control in their budgetary system .Budgeting is very important for every activity allied to the organizations. Financial management also provide a requirement in which the governance structure has clarity in its role play to the organization,s financial management . Adequacy in the role play by individual members provides accountability support for it’s   individual persons. Elsewhere, financial management seeks to provide the basic requirements which may be required by the different donors in the use and the allocation process of the funds .Above all, financial records are to be submitted to any stakeholder in use and control of the organization if need be for effective management. Due to the importance attached to the human capital in these organizations various principles are applied to provide a support for the most functional human capital. Many of the organizations are involved in the provision of service to the human population. To many organizations, the human workforce is large with professionalism and competence provided for all. Therefore, the organizations should not look down to the nature in which the human capital support can be provided to the service output. However, depending on the organization, various principles embody there activities. (Hall, 26) Firstly training and human force development is never compromised. This is in the realization of role played by every upright and experienced work force. They ensure various training programs for their workforce. Within the scope of the workforce management, aspect of planning and design of work for them is highly vigilant. Proper planning and design of work is important in every attempt to reduce conflict between them. Planning is made according to some preferential attributes. Time and again, the organizations provide an adequate support in the employee recruitment process and the selection for new staff. This is via the use of modalities of high competence and management. In all the activities, the rights of employees are never overlooked. This is a principle which applies to all employees of these organizations. It ensures providing support for the workers in enjoying and exercising their contribution to the organization. This is an attempt to provide support for ensuring that workers are not exploited of their resource capital. (Jeavons, 218) Workers exploitation is the main cause of conflict at the working environment. Also, the principle of performance management holds true in these organizations. Performance management involves monitoring of the role played by the workers through surveys and study activities. Performance management provides support for adequacy and optimal performance by these workers to ensure the most optimal output by the workers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fund development is an important tool in the non profit organizations. Such organizations are allied to formulating various fund development strategies. Fund development implies the system of approach in creating funds and using supporting tools for creating their donation. This helps to provide support for fund raising and using methods to attract funds from the donors and finances. Fund development uses the tool of public relations to create fundamental environment with which such financiers can be motivated to run the organization. Fund development is a management attribute which seeks to investigate the financial support system so that adequacy in the organizations funds can be ensured. Since this is a management process, it uses basic tools and approaches which provide support for the highest funding. Fund development will help to provide the organization with a relieved workload and hence avoid not meeting financing deadlines. This is an important aspect in the management structure since it is the driving force of the organization towards its goals achievement is the level of funds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial and human resource management, and also fund development are closely interrelated. Firstly, these are system of management and governance of the organization which provide the most adequate corporation in the organizational structure to provide an authentic goal and mission achievement. The success of each implies and promotes the success of the other. At one level, good fund development is allied to financial management where the tools of financial management are used to adequately apportion and budget for the collected funds. Either, all the activities that include financial management and fund development are provided by an adequate structure of human resource. This provides a support for the adequacy into the activities of the organization. Human resource package is fundamental in defining the nature of performance of all the organizations activities. Emerging practice in non profit organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Currently, the non profit organizations’ activities have had a diverse state of practices that are emerging out from the conventional outlay of the organizations in the US and the world in general. These practices have been key pillars in providing a support for the most authentic system of support for the future of the organizations. The sector is perhaps having a brighter future when its activities and processes are under a good system of practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, policy and framework on the legal parameter guiding the organizations have been developed on fountain grounds. Adequacy in the legal policies is a fundamental subject in providing adequate support for their performance. Policies ensure a coordinated approach in the standards of the organization legal framework which ensures that conflict is reduced between the organizations activities in terms of its structures and stakeholders. Through a support for strong legal modalities that act as pillars of the organization, the management process of the organizations is highly strengthened with little or no conflict in their governance process. Strong legal framework has ensured that the organizations act within the basic legal requirements that promote the best relation with the community. Either, adequate structures above programs as well as services ensure a coordinated link between the organization. Every organization is accompanied by a structure of specific programs, and structure which help to ensure a strong personal activity.   Adequate programs and high maintained and supported structural authenticity has ensured a continued high activity and dominance of the organizations in the society. Program system is the nature of the activity support for the organization. Strong program and services outlay provide a support for a continued rationality of organizations within the society. (Til, 53) Generally, the organizations act within the human capacity.   This is synonymous to capacity-building by the human populations.   Human capacity has been a basic tool for leading to changes in the social structures and hence provides conditions for the most adequate human life potential in the global portfolio. Their nature is in service to humanity. Within the changing nature of the social structures, capacity building remains an important aspect in rationalizing the societal activities. Providing adequate outcomes in their performance and the measures in their activity is also an emerging practice. There has been an increased activity in the analysis of their activities.   Performance outcome seeks to study the scale with which the activities described to the organizations provide the most adequate and profitable benefits. Summarily therefore, the aspects of nonprofit organizations is fundamentally critical and capturing an enormous scale of activities within its jurisdiction.   They does a lot in support the human population.   Their adequacy depends on the manner with which management is done in due course. Work cited Axelrod, Nancy R. (2005). Board leadership and development. In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 142, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Dimaggio, Paul J. and Anheier, Helmut K. (1990). The sociology of nonprofit organizations and sectors. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 6, pp152. Hall, P. H (2005). Historical perspectives on nonprofit organizations in the United States, In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 22, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Jeavons, T. H. (2005). Ethical Nonprofit Management. In R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 218. San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Linnell, D, Radosevich, Z, Spack, J, ( 2001). Executive Director’s Guide: A Guide for successful Nonprofit Management. Pp.48. Boston: United Way of Massachusetts Bay. Silk, T. (2005). The legal framework of the nonprofit sector in the United States. In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp.76, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Til, V. (2005). Nonprofit Organizations and Social Institutions, In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp.53, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Walden, G. (2007). Who’s watching us now? The nonprofit sector and the new government by surveillance. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 35, 719